親愛的小文:
你彈過蕭邦FredericFrancoisChopin(一八一○——一八四九)的作品嗎?Chopin是波蘭人。隻活了三十九歲。Chopinplayedthepianoinpublicwhenonlyeightyearsold.Hebegantocomposesoonafterward.HestudiedattheWarsawConservatoryfrom1826to1829beforeleavingPolandin1830.HesettledinParisin1831,and,exceptforsometravel,helivedtheretherestofhislife.
波蘭夾在德國俄國之間,老是被侵略、被瓜分、被瓜剖豆分([ofacounty]tobedividedorsplitlikeamelonorabean;tobepartitioned)。
Chopin音樂激起波蘭人的愛國心。
ThepolesalsohaveaninsatiableappetitefortranslationsofMolièreandShawandfortheirown19th-centurydramatistswhowrotefromexile,whentheircountrywaspartitionedamongthreeneighboringempires.
Theplays,novels,andmusicofthisperiodhelpedkeepthePolessenseofnationhoodalive.Onecomposer,inparticular,hasstirredpolishpridethroughthedarkyears,He,ofcourse,isChopin,whosebirthplaceatZelazowaWola,28mileswestofWarsaw,isanationalshrine.here,everySundayinthespringandsummer,thepublicisinvitedtoaChopinconcert.
波蘭在一七七二、一七九三、一七九五、一九三九年前後被瓜分四次。一九一四年被瓜分了以後,地圖上沒有波蘭了。一九四五年蘇聯(Russia/U.S.S.R.)分了波蘭東邊,卻把德國東邊補給波蘭。所以波蘭“失之東隅,收之桑榆”(tosufferalossinoneplacebutmakeagainsomewhereelse)。
蘇聯這種作風,叫“慷他人之慨”(toshowgenerosityorunselfishnessbyanotherswealth;tobegenerousattheexpenseofothers)。爸爸在四、六信中跟你談過,英文叫RobPetertopayPaul(搶彼得賠保羅)。
波蘭的首都是華沙(Warsaw),Warsaw,Warsaw,Warsaw可真saw了war。二次世界大戰,華沙城全毀,人死了四分之一。
葛單斯克(Gdańsk)在德文叫但澤(Danzig),是造船中心,這個城和波蘭走廊(PolishCorridor)過去都是世界大新聞,因為它們老是和德國扯不清。
POLISHCORRIDORisahistoricstripoflandthatwasoncetheancientpolishprovinceofPomorze.PolandlosttheprovincetoPrussiain1772.WhenPrussiabecomeaGermanstatein1871,theareafellintoGermancontrol.
AfterWorldWarI,theVersaillesTreatyestablishedthecorridoroflandtogivePolandfreeaccesstotheBalticSea.ThecorridorseparatedEastPrussiaandtheportcityofDanzigfromtherestofGermany.In1939,GermanyregainedcontroloftheareawhenNazitroopsinvadedPoland.AfterWorldWarII,thecorridorwasreturnedtoPoland.