The first Opium War in 1840 was the beginning of modern Chinese history and the beginning of the history of humiliation for the Chinese people. In 1842, China and Britain signed the Treaty of Nanjing, which mentioned the opening of Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Ningbo, and Shanghai as trading ports to facilitate aggression and economic plunder against China. The Qing government not only ceded Hong Kong Island, but also faced huge reparations, increasing the burden on finance and the people, and China began to become a semi colonial and semi feudal society.
In 1853, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Uprising - the largest uprising in Chinese history - had always been in the hearts of Chinese farmers, with the dream of \\u0027everything is uneven, everyone is warm\\u0027.
In 1860, Britain and France launched the Second Opium War under the pretext of the \\\"Arrow\\\" incident and the \\\"Father Ma\\\" incident, signing the \\\"Treaty of Tianjin\\\", \\\"Treaty of Beijing\\\", and \\\"Treaty of Trade and Rehabilitation\\\", forcing the Qing government to recognize the legalization of the Opium War, further deepening China\\u0027s semi colonial and semi feudal society.
In the 1860s and 1890s, the landlord class reformists, mainly Li Hongzhang, launched the Westernization Movement, and China\\u0027s national capitalism was born with difficulty.
In 1894, during the Sino Japanese War of 1894, the Beiyang Fleet was completely destroyed, mainly due to Cixi\\u0027s unauthorized appropriation of military funds for his birthday. Subsequently, the bourgeois reformists Liang Qichao and Kang Youwei submitted a letter to Emperor Guangxu and implemented the Wuxu Reform. After 100 days, they were forcibly stopped by Cixi, also known as the \\\"Hundred Day Reform\\\". In 1898, the Boxer Rebellion broke out, and the Qing government used it to resist the invaders. After losing to the Eight Nation Alliance in 1900, the Qing government shifted the responsibility to the Boxer Rebellion.