Of the ceremonies practised at the death of Brahmans.
When a Brahman is sick,before he dies,they send to call the learned Brahmans who are his priests,so that they should come to pray,and console the sick man;and they talk to him of the affairs of his soul,and what he must do to save it,bidding him spend money in alms.After this ceremony is over they make the Brahman priests shave the sick man's head,and after the shaving they bid them wash it,and after the washing it is their custom to bring into their houses a cow with a calf,--there are very few Brahmans,however poor they be,who do not have one to live in their house,--which cow,when they have finished washing the man's head,they take a turban and tie it to its neck and put the end of the turban into the hand of the sick man,and he gives it and the calf in alms for his soul to those priests who perform these ceremonies.On that day he gives alms according to his position,and gives to eat to some Brahmans who are invited and who come there for the purpose.They believe that when these ceremonies are made for the sick man,if he is to live he is soon cured of his infirmity,and if not that he soon dies.
After the death of the sick man they have the ground washed upon which he lay,and after the washing they take cow-dung and spread it over the ground,and place the body on the top of this dung.They hold that a sick man who dies on a cot,or on anything so-ever except only on the ground,commits a mortal sin.As soon as the body is laid on the ground they make for it a bier covered with boughs of the fig-tree,and before they place the body on the bier they wash it well with pure water,and anoint it with sandal-wood (oil);and they place by the body branches of sweet basil and cover it with a new cloth,and so place it in the bier.Then one of his relatives takes the bier on one side,and they call three other Brahmans whosoever they may be to aid them to lift it;and so they carry it to the place where they are to burn it,accompanied by many Brahmans who go singing in front of the corpse.In front of all goes his son,if he has one,or next younger brother or nearest relative,with fire in the hand for the burning.As soon as they arrive at the place where they have to burn the body,they scatter money according to their ability,and then put the fire to it;and they wait there till the whole body is consumed,and then all go and wash their bodies in a tank and afterwards return each one to his house.The son or brother or relation who put the fire is obliged to sleep on the ground where the man died for nine nights,and after the lapse of nine days from the death come the priests and learned men and they command to shave the head of this man.During these nine days,they feed the poor and they give them the dead man's clothes,and they give the cot with its bed in alms to the priests,with some money in addition;if he is a rich man they give gardens and other things in alms to many Brahmans.When ten days are finished,and the son has been shaved,he goes to the place where they burned his father or his brother,and they perform many ceremonies over the ashes and bones that rema