The leisure class lives by the industrial community rather than in it. Its relations to industry are of a pecuniary rather than an industrial kind. Admission to the class is gained by exercise of the pecuniary aptitudes -- aptitudes for acquisition rather than for serviceability. There is， therefore， a continued selective sifting of the human material that makes up the leisure class， and this selection proceeds on the ground of fitness for pecuniary pursuits. But the scheme of life of the class is in large part a heritage from the past， and embodies much of the habits and ideals of the earlier barbarian period. This archaic， barbarian scheme of life imposes itself also on the lower orders， with more or less mitigation. In its turn the scheme of life， of conventions， acts selectively and by education to shape the human material， and its action runs chiefly in the direction of conserving traits， habits， and ideals that belong to the early barbarian age -- the age of prowess and predatory life.
The most immediate and unequivocal expression of that archaic human nature which characterizes man in the predatory stage is the fighting propensity proper. In cases where the predatory activity is a collective one， this propensity is frequently called the martial spirit， or， latterly， patriotism.
It needs no insistence to find assent to the proposition that in the countries of civilized Europe the hereditary leisure class is endowed with this martial spirit in a higher degree than the middle classes. Indeed， the leisure class claims the distinction as a matter of pride， and no doubt with some grounds. War is honorable， and warlike prowess is eminently honorific in the eyes of the generality of men； and this admiration of warlike prowess is itself the best voucher of a predatory temperament in the admirer of war. The enthusiasm for war， and the predatory temper of which it is the index， prevail in the largest measure among the upper classes， especially among the hereditary leisure class.