市售多種白酒主要風味組分分析比較初步研究 錢衝 廖永紅* 劉明豔 徐瑾 劉麗 於莉

北京工商大學食品學院,北京市食品風味化學重點實驗室,

食品質量與安全北京實驗室,北京 100048

摘要:采用氣相色譜-質譜聯用(GC-MS)直接進樣的分析方法,分析比較了不同香型市售多種白酒中風味物質的種類、含量及組成之間的異同點。結果表明,在印證了己酸乙酯和己酸,乙酸乙酯和乙酸,分別為濃香型和清香型白酒主體風味物質理論的基礎上,發現濃香型、醬香型白酒在風味物質的種類、總量上要普遍高於其他香型,而清香型白酒要明顯低於其他香型;濃香型白酒中酯類和酸類物質的比例普遍較高,醇類和醛類物質的比例較低,而醬香型白酒卻與之相反;所有香型白酒中酮類物質的種類、含量和比例均較低;縮醛類化合物也是白酒中重要的風味物質;除酯類和酸類物質以外,醬香型和芝麻香型白酒其他主要風味組分的比例有較高的相似性。

關鍵詞:白酒;氣相色譜-質譜聯用(GC-MS);風味物質;香型

Preliminary studies of analysis and comparison of flavor

components in various kinds of liquor from supermarket

QIAN Chong,LIAO Yong-hong*,LIU Ming-yan,XU Jin,LIU Li,YU Li

School of Food and Chemical Engineering,Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry,

Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety,Beijing Technology

and Business University,Beijing 100048

Abstract:The similarities and differences of the kinds,concentration,and proportion of flavor components in various kinds and different flavor types of liquor from supermarket were analyzed and compared by the method of direct sample injection with gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GCMS).The results corroborated the theory that the ethyl hexanoate and hexanoic acid,ethyl acetate and ethanoic acid were respectively the main flavor components of Luzhouflavor and Fenflavor liquor.Moreover,on the basis of that,this paper still suggested that the kinds and total quantities of flavor components in Luzhouflavor and Maotaiflavor liquor were both more than that of other flavor types,as to Fenflavor liquor,while that was significantly less;the proportion of esters and fatty acids in Luzhouflavor liquor was generally higher,the proportion of alcohols and aldehydes was lower,than that of others,but the results were on the opposite of that in Maotaiflavor liquor;the kinds,concentration and proportion of ketones in all kinds of liquor were much more less;the acetals were demonstrated to be important flavor components in liquor;in addition to the esters and fatty acids,the proportion of other main flavor components in Maotaiflavor and sesameflavor liquor was exactly similar.

Key Words:liquor;gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GC-MS);flavor component;flavor type

1前言

不同的自然環境、微生物群係、生產原料和釀造工藝,決定了白酒中風味物質種類、含量、組成的不同,從而形成了不同種類和香型的白酒[1-3]。我國白酒種類繁多,早在1979年第三屆全國評酒會上,白酒就已被初步劃分為濃香、醬香、清香、米香和其他五種香型。經過30多年的發展,白酒香型在原有的基礎上,又陸續出現了芝麻香型、特香型、鳳香型、藥香型、兼香型、豉香型、老白幹香型和馥鬱香型等,到目前為止,已增加至12種[4-5]。

白酒中主要成分是乙醇和水,占到了總量的98%左右,而真正決定其品質和風格的微量成分僅占2%左右,主要包括酯類、醇類、酸類、醛類、酮類、縮醛類、吡嗪類、呋喃類、芳香族和雜環化合物等物質。通過GC-MS直接進樣分析方法的使用,可以對這些微量成分進行定性定量分析,比較其種類、含量及組成之間的異同點,對更加深入了解決定白酒種類和香型的實質具有積極意義[6-7]。

2材料與方法

2.1實驗材料

2.1.1試劑

乙酸丁酯、乙醇(色譜級):均購於Sigma公司。

2.1.2樣品

濃香型白酒9種編號為:N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N7、N8、N9,清香型白酒兩種編號為:Q1、Q2,醬香型白酒3種編號為:J1、J2、J3,芝麻香型白酒1種編號為:Z1,特香型白酒1種編號為:T1,其中N7、N8和Q1由同一廠家生產。

2.1.3儀器

GC-MS QP2010 Plus氣相色譜-質譜聯用儀(日本Shimadzu公司);CP-WAX 57CB毛細管柱:50m×0.25mm×0.20mm(美國Agilent公司)。

2.2實驗方法

2.2.1待測酒樣溶液製備

內標溶液配製:精確吸取200μL乙酸丁酯標準品,用60%乙醇(vol)溶解、定容至10mL,配製成濃度為17650.00mg/L的內標溶液。

酒樣溶液製備:精確吸取100μL內標溶液,用待測酒樣溶解、定容至10mL,配製成內標物濃度為176.50mg/L的酒樣溶液[8]。

2.2.2GCMS分析

氣相色譜條件:起始柱溫35℃保持2min,以4℃/min升至200℃,保持5min;載氣為He,總流量19.0mL/min,恒流量3mL/min,柱流量1.0mL/min;壓力90.7kPa;進樣口溫度220℃;進樣量0.5μL,分流比15∶1。