This simple arithmetic problems are often ignored by the company and damage the interests of shareholders, because many of the company"s incentive scheme casually generous reward executives, for example, ten years fixed—price stock options, in fact, the company"s surplus increased many simply because surplus cumulative effect, an example to illustrate the irrationality of the intervening Suppose you 8% per annum in the bank fixed deposit 10 million handed over to a trust to custody by his to determine the ratio of annual actual essentials of how much interest out, unclaimed interest banks compound interest is to continue to exist, and then assume that the real collar interest of our great trust people as a quarter, and finally let me take a look at ten years later, you will get what your bank account after ten years there will be 179,084 addition in carefully arranged trustee, you annually earned interest will be increased from 8,000 to 13,515, the real interest collar from 2,000 to 3,378. The most important is that when your annual trustee sent your annual report, you will find each of the figures in the chart are a towering fly.
——摘自1985年巴菲特寫給全體股東的年報
譯文
當資本報酬率平平,這種大堆頭式的賺錢方式根本沒什麼了不起,你坐在搖椅上也能輕鬆達到這樣的成績,好比隻要你把錢存在銀行戶頭裏,一樣可以賺到加倍的利息,但沒有人會對這樣的成果報以掌聲。通常我們在某位資深主管的退休儀式上歌頌他在任內將公司的盈餘數字提高數倍,卻一點也不會去看看這些事實上是因為公司每年所累積盈餘與複利所產生的效果。當然,若那家公司在此期間以有限的資金賺取極高的報酬或是隻增加一點資金便創造更多的盈餘,那他所得到的掌聲是名副其實的;但若報酬率平平或隻是用更多的資金堆積出來的結果,那麼就應該把掌聲收回。因為隻要把存在銀行的錢所賺的8%利息再繼續存著,18年後你的利息收入自然加倍。
這種簡單的算術問題常常被公司忽略而損及股東的權益,因為許多公司的獎勵計劃都是隨隨便便大方地犒賞公司主管,例如十年固定價格的認股權,事實上公司的盈餘增加並沒有許多,隻是單純地因為盈餘累積所產生的效果,有一個例子可以用來說明這其間的不合理性,假設你將在銀行年利率8%的十萬元定存交由一位信托人士來保管,由他來決定你每年實際要領多少利息出來,未領出的利息則繼續存在銀行利滾利,再假設我們偉大的信托人將實領利息的比例定為四分之一,最後讓我來看看十年之後你會得到什麼,十年後你的戶頭會有179,084美元,此外在信托人的精心安排下,你每年所賺的利息會從8,000美元增加到13,515美元,實領的利息也從2,000美元增加到3,378美元,而最重要的是,每年當你的信托人將年度報告送交給你的時候,你會發現圖表中每一項數字都是一飛衝天的。
投資解讀