17.雙語教學
段落大意：雙語教學在美國的發展曆程與現狀。
Bilingual education （雙語教學） was first initiated in 1968. It was a new means to educate the children who spoke a minority language. Thirty-one years later the same problems exist for those children who speak languages other than English. The experiment of bilingual education has been a failure and now it’s time to move on. The first English-only initiatives were brought forth in 1981.by newly elected President Reagan. Since then the conflict over bilingual education has drove on. Currently twenty-three states have “English-Only”laws with 4.states having laws that are pending （待定的）. The issue of bilingual education and the conflict that surrounds it are primarily focused between whites and Hispanics（西班牙和葡萄牙人）, although since the mid- 1970s it’s also been involved with the Chinese culture. However, bilingual education has failed; currently the movement is towards the English-only educational system.
18.音樂教育的重要性 Ⅰ
段落大意：音樂教育能夠提升孩子們的智力，使他們在未來更可能獲得成功，應被納入核心課程。
With school budgets cut, and music instrument short, more and more people begin to realize the benefits of having music in education. Providing music as part of education helps develop intelligence （智力） that leads to greater success in school and in life. Everyone from Save The Music and The National Association For Music Education agrees that, “Every student in the nation should have an education in arts.”These two institutions are doing everything they can to spread the information about music, and the importance of resorting （恢複） music education as part of the core （核心的） curriculum. Giving a child opportunity to play an instrument can promote his or her later success in society. Researchers have found that children involved in music education are more likely to graduate from high school and attend college, and are less likely to be involved in gangs （黑社會團夥） and substance abuse （藥物濫用）. Music is part of everyday culture in America.
19.音樂教育的重要性 Ⅱ
段落大意：在教學中加入音樂教育是非常必要的，有助於提高學生的學術能力和社交技能。
In today’s society, people are constantly looking for new ways to have students produce more from their public education. Some argue that more funding （撥款） is the answer, while others believe that better learning facilities will help. Studies recently conducted show that a simple change in the curriculum will produce the outcome that people are searching for. The simple change is music education. Music education has been proven to improve general academic skills as well as social skills in children. If music classes are added to a child’s schedule （課程表）, they will begin to show improvement in learning which many educators are looking for. Instead of the ideas of more funding and better facilities, all the students need is a simple music course in their everyday lives.
20.音樂教育的重要性 Ⅲ
段落大意：音樂能夠鍛煉人們的思維和大腦，在教學中加入音樂，非常有益。
Ursula K. Le Guin makes an excellent point in her quote, “Music and thinking are so much alike that it is almost as if they are one and the same.”Music has a huge impact on the brain. It has been proven that it makes contributions to the development of cognitive （認知的） and perceptual （知覺的） skills, refines （完善） the development of the brain and entire neurological （神經病學的） system, and connects and develops the motor systems（引擎係統） of the brain in a way that cannot be done by any other activity. Since music has such a huge impact on the brain, it is evident that music education is important and should therefore remain an important key factor of kindergarten through high school students’ education.
21.教育的塑造作用
段落大意：教育塑造人類文明，是解決一切社會經濟問題的唯一途徑。
Education is one of the most powerful instruments in shaping the human race. Education is the only answer to all our socio-economic （社會經濟的） problems. Several global organisations and nations have been emphasising the need for the universalisation（普及化） of primary education. At the World Education Conference at Jomtien （喬木提恩世界教育會議）, access to education was declared as a human right. The Economics Nobel laureate（獲得者） of 1998, Professor Amartya Kumar Sen has also pointed out that for sustainable development （可持續發展）, even the poorest of the poor should be provided proper education. Accordingly, steps have to be taken to bring primary education to the doorsteps of the rural people, since many people still live in rural areas.
22.教育對個人的益處
段落大意：教育是人類用來武裝自己，培養自己知識、技能以及良好習慣的重要手段。
Education has essentially been a social process in capacity building and maintenance（維持） of society since the creation of human beings. To cope with the changing realities and uncertainties of human life, education has been a weapon with which people equip themselves to acquire relevant knowledge, skills and habits of surviving in the modern world.
23.關於“學校已死”的辯論
段落大意：學校教育存在的問題：導致思維的一體化，為統治階級服務。 許多人認為學校教育是浪費時間。
It is unconventional wisdom to regard school as dead. The phrase “school is dead”is the title of a book by Everett Reimer, a scholar with many years’ experience in attempting to reform schools for poor children in the developing world. However, what we might call “unconventional wisdom”has been skeptical （懷疑的） of schooling for thousands of years. Since the time of the Roman Empire there have been many quotations from notable persons about problems of schooling and its effects on learners. A general state education is a mere contrivance （手段；發明） for moulding （塑造）people to be exactly like one another, and it pleases the predominant power in the government, be it a monarch （君主）, a priesthood, an aristocracy （貴族）, or the majority of the existing generation. As it is efficient and successful, it establishes despotism （專製主義） over the mind, leading to a collective community. In more modern times Nobel Prize winners have said that school is a waste of time, saying that they learned mostly outside school. In any event, it is clear that school attendance is something distinct from learning.