1.汽車工業的發展
段落大意：汽車工業的快速發展加速了競爭，和“大魚”之間的競爭使得世界汽車工業重新分配力量。
There is no industry having more far-reaching effects in the worldwide community than the automobile industry. The automobile has changed the lives, culture, and economy of the people and nations that manufacture and demand them. Ever since the late 1800s when the first modern car was invented by Benz and Daimler in Germany, the automobile has grown into a billion dollar industry affecting various aspects of our lives. There are more than 400.million passenger cars （轎車） alone on the road today. During the early twentieth century, the United States was home to more than 90.percent of the world automobile industry, but has shrunk（縮小） to about 20.percent in today’s world. This drastic change has occurred as a result of the booming （急速發展的） economies in nations such as Japan, Germany, Canada, France, and Italy. By the end of 19th century, there were about 500.auto manufacturers, but that number dropped sharply to 23.by 1917, and for a long time the Big Three （美國三大汽車公司） have been dominating the market. Ford （福特）, General Motors （通用汽車） and Chrysler （克萊斯勒） made up the Big Three which accounted for 23.percent of the world’s motor vehicle.
2.工業化的意義
段落大意：工業化對西方社會結構的轉變和經濟發展具有重要意義。
Industrialisation is the process of converting （轉變） to a socio-economic order （社會經濟結構） in which industry is dominant. How or why some agrarian （農業的） societies have evolved into industrial states is not always fully understood. What is certain, though, is that the changes that took place in Britain during the Industrial Revolution （工業革命） in the late 18th and 19th centuries provided a prototype （原型） for the early industrialising nations of western Europe and North America. Along with its technological components, such as the mechanisation （機械化） of labour and the reliance upon inanimate sources of energy, the process of industrialisation entailed profound social developments. The release of the labour from feudal （封建的） and customary obligations created a free market in labour, with a pivotal （關鍵的） role for a specific social class, the entrepreneur. Cities drew large numbers of people off the land and provided massive workers for the new industrial towns and factories. Later industrialising countries attempted to manipulate （控製） some of these elements. The former Soviet Union, for instance, industrialised largely on the basis of forced labour and elimination of the entrepreneur, while in Japan strong state involvement （國家參與） stimulated and sustained the entrepreneur’s role. Other states, notably Denmark and New Zealand, were industrialised primarily by commercialising （商業化） and mechanising （工業化） agriculture.
3.工業發展帶來的變革
段落大意：工業發展帶來了心理和社會的變革。
Although urban-industrial life offers unprecedented （前所未有的） opportunities for individual mobility （流動性） and personal freedom, it can take high social and psychological tolls （代價）. Various observers such as Karl Marx and mile Durkheim cited the “alienation”（異化） and “anomie”（社會道德淪喪） of individual workers faced by seemingly meaningless tasks and rapidly altering goals. The fragmentation （破碎） of the extended family and community tended to isolate individuals and to counter （對抗） against traditional values. From the very beginning, industrialism appears to create a new strain of poverty. In the major industrialised nations of the late 20th century, such developments as automated technology, an expanding service sector, and increasing suburbanisation （郊區城市化） signaled what some observers called the emergence of a post-industrial society.
4.技術發展的積極影響
段落大意：技術的發展給人們帶來諸多益處，其中最不容忽略的益處有二：一是技術的發展提高了人們的生活質量；二是技術的發展促進人們對未知世界的探索。
Technology, which is changing the world every day, has benefited people’s lives a lot, including two main advantages. Firstly, technology has improved the quality of people’s lives remarkably. People can get much more entertainment and information with the development of modern technology. The inventions of mobile phone and Internet also make the world increasingly smaller. People can communicate easily and share information as they like even if they are far away. Moreover, better medical instruments can be used to cure the patients. On average, people will live longer than before. Another important advantage is that with the help of technology, human beings can know more about the unknown world. For example, scientists can study the microscopic （微小的） material such as the structure of the DNA and the huge universe at the same time. Many discoveries have shown the mysteries of the nature, broadening our horizon.