14.構建關係網的概念
段落大意：構建關係網是一種藝術，目的是獲得並傳播信息，可通過非正式且自然的方式來實現。
Networking is the art of building relationships for the purpose of acquiring and disseminating information. It can be done informally and naturally every time you interact with another professional. When you network, your objective is to learn from the other individual and to seek their advice on your project.
15.構建關係網在工作中的重要作用
段落大意：構建關係網是職業管理的必備技巧。通過構建關係網，可以建立資源、獲取信息並幫助他人。在求職時，關係網的構建將有助於求職者了解職場。
In this age of increasingly short-term job cycles, networking is an essential skill for managing your career. Many people think that networking is simply a euphemism （委婉語） for asking for a job. However, if you are truly networking, you are building resources, acquiring information, and offering assistance to others at the same time. Unfortunately, networking is not an instinctive skill, and it can only be achieved by practice.
In the case of job searches, the project is about locating resources—including individuals—that will help you learn about the job market specific to your particular expertise and interests. It’s a good idea to network while you are still happy or moderately （中等地） happy with your job. Once you’ve established a professional network, you can more easily expand on and give attention to this process when the need arises.
16.如何開始更正式的接觸
段落大意：可通過電子郵件或電話與認識的人進行交談，在開始交談時可談論一些比較寬泛的話題。
Once you’ve made the transition from informal to more formal contacts, assess whether it is better to call or write to request for a meeting based on the nature of your relationship with that individual. In some cases, you may want to do both. Send a letter or an e-mail message, and then follow up with a phone call. Whatever the medium, you can set the tone for the meeting and provide your contact with some general background including the following points:
1）opening lines that express interest in this person and a reference to the last time you met;
2）a brief update on your professional status;
3）a statement about your interest in investigating a new career direction;
4）a request to discuss these ideas and obtain some advice on your endeavor.
17.合理構建關係網
段落大意：非求職狀態下，保持每個月五次的關係網交談；求職狀態下，每周進行幾次關係網交談。在交談之後，要及時記錄各種信息。
If you are networking while currently employed, you might want to set a goal of five networking conversations per month. These could occur in person or over the phone. If you are actively hunting jobs, you should aim at having several networking conversations per week. Very quickly you’ll find that you need a tracking system to record names of initial contacts, referrals （被推薦人） obtained from those contacts, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and mailing addresses. You’ll also want to note the source for each referral, dates when you’ve made contact, and any follow-up conversation you plan to have with that individual.
18.如何開始構建關係網
段落大意：在構建關係網時，要盡可能廣泛地將你認識、知道的人囊括在內，與這些不同的人交談將有助於構建有益的關係網。
If you are new at networking and are just beginning career research or a job search, begin by making a broad list of people you know, even those people you didn’t think about having network contacts. Your list should include friends, relatives, work colleagues （past and present）, and service providers such as your accountant, physicians, and others with whom you do business on a personal basis. Also include neighbors, club members, teachers and professors, alumni （校友） contacts, social and community contacts, and local merchants. Informal discussions with these various individuals can often lead to more helpful, formal networking contacts. Be prepared to discuss your career background even with people who know you well. You’d be surprised how little others may know about your work accomplishments. You can also start networking by joining a professional association.
19.失業保險的概念及主要目標
段落大意：失業保險是一種社會保險，旨在為失業者提供幫助，其兩大目標是防止失業者陷入巨大的痛苦，以及使他們重返崗位。
Unemployment insurance is a form of social insurance, designed to provide income to persons who have lost their jobs. Unemployment insurance is wage related and is paid as a matter of right to any insured eligible （符合條件的） worker. The two major goals of the system are to prevent unemployed persons from undergoing severe hardships and to get them back to work.
20.失業保險的重要性
段落大意：隨著失業率的升高，失業保險越來越重要。
With the higher unemployment rates in Western nations since 1973, the protection offered by unemployment insurance has increased in importance. If unemployment stays high, pressures for extensions of potential duration and for increased weekly benefits are likely to grow, while public concern about preventing payment to those not seriously seeking work expands. In the future as in the past, interest in a country’s unemployment insurance program will be directly related to the degree of the unemployment problem.
21.州失業補償的實現方式
段落大意：州失業補償法建立基金，由雇主提供資金，對失業人員提供失業救濟。失業者需要付出一定的努力才能得到這一救濟。
State unemployment compensation laws establish a fund, financed by contributions from employers, from which weekly unemployment benefits are paid for a specified number of weeks. Employers’ contributions are based on experience rating, that is, they are related to the amount of benefits received in the past by workers laid off from the business. A few states also require contributions from employees. To be eligible for benefits, an unemployed worker must have earned a given amount of wages within a specific period of time. In addition, a worker must file a claim, register for work at the state employment service, be able to work, and be available for suitable work. A claimant may be disqualified（剝奪資格） from benefits for varying periods if he or she left a job voluntarily without a good cause, dismissed for misconduct, or refused an offer of suitable work. Until another job is found or the benefit period ends, a worker receives a weekly payment by reporting at scheduled intervals（間隔） to the local unemployment office.
22.企業家精神
段落大意：企業家需要將商業運作的必備因素組織在一起，籌集資金、確定場所、組織工人、管理整個企業運作，並同時承擔相應的風險。他們在這個過程中表現出的能力就是一種企業家精神。
Entrepreneurship（企業家精神） is an ability some people have to accept risks and combine factors of production in order to produce goods and services. Entrepreneurs （企業家） organize the various components necessary to operate a business. They raise the necessary financial backing （支持）, acquire a physical site for the business, assemble a team of workers, and manage the overall operation of the enterprise. They accept the risk of losing the money they spend on the business in the hope that eventually they will earn a profit. If the business is successful, they receive all or some share of the profits. If the business fails, they bear some or all of the losses.
23.企業家和經理人的區別
段落大意：企業家和經理人的區別在於企業家不僅組織與管理一個公司，還要承擔風險，並擁有最終的決策權。
Many people mistakenly believe that anyone who manages a large company is an entrepreneur. However, many managers at large companies simply carry out decisions made by higher-ranking executives. These managers are not entrepreneurs because they do not have final control over the company and they do not make decisions that involve risking the company’s resources. On the other hand, many of the nation’s entrepreneurs run small businesses, including restaurants, convenience stores, and farms. These individuals are true entrepreneurs, because entrepreneurship involves not merely the organization and management of a business, but also an individual’s willingness to accept risks in order to make a profit.
24.工資的基本範圍
段落大意：在經濟學理論中，工資指為勞動所付的價錢，它包括為補償勞動者付出的時間和努力所支付的所有款項。
Wages, in economic theory, refer to price paid for labor. Wages consist of all payments that compensate individuals for time and effort spent in the production of economic goods and services. The payments include wages in the ordinary, narrow sense, which are the earnings, computed （計算） generally on an hourly, daily, weekly, or output basis, of manual and clerical（文書的） workers. It also contains weekly, monthly, or annual salaries of professional and supervisory （管理的） personnel, bonuses added to regular earnings, premiums （津貼） for night or holiday work or for work exceeding stated norms of quantity or quality, fees and retainers （聘用定金） for professional services, and that part of the income of business owners that compensates them for time devoted to business.