017 Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.
自學和由老師教，你更傾向於哪種？
一、老師教的好處1 依靠老師教學能夠提高效率
段落大意：學生們在學習過程中會遇到很多問題，有老師的幫助可以提高學習效率。
Having a teacher always makes the learning easy and efficient. When you make a mistake, the teacher can immediately point it out so that you won't make the same mistake again later. This is obvious while you are learning a language. You will never know if you have any mistakes in your pronunciation if there is not a teacher beside you, teaching you to pronounce in the correct way. Since the teacher is keeping on track of your studying, he or she will know what your weaknesses are, and thus find a way to help you out. The teacher might tell you his/her own experience, how he or she becomes successful in the subject you are studying, or even the mistakes he/she has made, warning you not to make the same mistake again.
2 老師的幫助會使孩子更好地學習
段落大意：老師會為學生提供多種學習的信息和幫助，幫助學生更好地學習。
Primarily teachers are there for guidance in a particular field or subject. They give you a systematic way to approach a subject. A teacher normally teaches a subject in which he or she has expertise in. Hence that person has made a study of the subject and can guide you in order to help you approach the subject in a better way. This guidance may be in the form of giving you names of reference books or giving you notes. Without a teacher, it would be extremely cumbersome to go through large libraries for a certain topic. Besides this, the teacher could provide you help with any sort of problem that you come across while studying. The teacher could provide you strategies that help you solve a problem. Without a teacher, this problem would take up a lot of your valuable time and remain unsolved. Teachers can also point out when you are going wrong. They point out your mistakes and suggest ways for you to correct them.
3 老師的答疑和解惑作用有利於教學
段落大意：學生在學習過程中會遇見很多問題，老師會給予答疑解惑的幫助。
Whenever we are reading a new topic or new subject, questions regarding that topic start to appear in our minds. We need someone to answer them all and tell us more about them. At those moments, we actually need a concerned teacher who can help us by answering those questions based upon his own experiences. In fact, a teacher can be a person who knows things better than us. For example, in my opinion, parents are the best teachers throughout our lives. They teach us from taking the first steps to having good manners, from learning lessons from life to the accumulation of knowledge. No one can deny their importance in building our characters.
二、學生自學的好處電腦的幫助使得孩子們可以自主學習
段落大意：信息時代，電腦和互聯網的發展使學習對於學生們來說更加方便。
With the advent of the computer age, nowadays students can just go online to search for keywords information which would take days or even months to get years before. Not only can they get such information faster but also learn it more quickly. A number of teachers are now disseminating knowledge using the Internet as their medium. Not only do sites provide visitors knowledge, but they also give them fundamentals for a better understanding of a topic which might have been misunderstood in the classroom.
108 Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.
一些人認為從生活中學習的最好方式是聽從家人和朋友的建議，還有一些人認為最好的方式是通過個人經曆。你認為哪種方式更可取？
一、通過他人的建議
1 朋友和家人的經驗的重要意義
段落大意：從家人和朋友那裏能學習到他們的經驗，因此人們可以少走彎路。
Learning from our family and friends by listening to their advice can help us draw lessons from their experiences. A girl born out of wedlock would likely be heavily counseled by her mother to be careful about having relationships with men, and to avoid engaging in pre-marital sex. Eventually that girl would likely be more careful about avoiding pregnancy while she is still unmarried, compared to other unmarried girls. The advice of this girl's mother could help her avoid committing the same mistake thus save her from the hardships of single parenthood.
2 家人和朋友的忠告是出於對我們的保護
段落大意：家人和朋友的忠告是為了保護我們，他們的經驗和經曆值得我們學習。
People believe that their family and friends will help keep them from harm. Giving advice is one way offering protection. Older relatives can share the wisdom they have gained from their lives. A single person cannot learn as much by learning everything from his own experiences compared to by listening to relatives and friends. A person will not only avoid making the same mistakes, but he will be able to know more than he could do since there are more people teaching him.
二、通過個人經曆1 自我實踐、親身經曆的價值
段落大意：通過自己的學習得來的經驗更加豐富和深入。
Learning by our own experiences makes the lessons more profound to us. We might not trust or believe the advice of others, but we would believe in something we have seen or felt ourselves. We are also more likely to remember a particular lesson if we have learned it through experience. A man who is cautioned not to drive drunk by his father may still do so. However, if he gets injured from an accident caused by drunk driving, he will probably take the lesson of keeping sober behind the wheel more seriously.
2 他人的經驗不一定適合自己
段落大意：來自家人和朋友的建議不一定就適合我們自己。他們的經驗也許隻適用於他們，因此親身經曆和實踐過才會有更深的體會。
Learning through our own experiences and suffering the consequences make us understand the lessons better, because we have truly experienced. The way our family and friends see things may not apply to us. An uncle of mine might advice me against rock climbing because of the dangers, but for me the entire experience of reaching the top might be worth the risk. If I took that uncle's experience I might miss out on a personal adventure. I believe that life is the best school and that we have to learn our lessons from our own experiences.
133 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A person's childhood years (the time from birth to twelve years of age) are the most important years of a person's life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
一個人的童年是其一生中最重要的時光。你是否同意這一觀點？
1 童年對性格培養的重要作用
段落大意：童年是人們的社會性、感情、語言和體格成長的開端。
The philosophy of childhood is that young children develop socially, emotionally, cognitively, linguistically and physically each at their own unique pace. They learn through hands-on, sensory-oriented exploration and discovery, and also construct meaning through interaction with their environments.
2 童年是美妙而有魅力的
段落大意：童年的種種意境，帶給人們美妙的感受和回憶。
Childhood is also a charming mystery. It is like a paper plane flying in the sky. It is like the lonely boat sailing in the sea, though they do not know where they should go, pleasant surprises await them here and there on the way. Compared with the rigid routine life of adults, childhood was full of magic and fantasy. I used to have the great curiosity about all the things around us children, which has been worn gradually by the adult society. Childhood offered me infinite room of imagination. It is like a piece of white paper which I can put any color on to paint my own beautiful picture. This picture is the most wonderful one I can ever imagine because the childhood is full of mystery.
3 童年對於人們的一生都是寶貴的
段落大意：童年是人一生最寶貴的時期，在這段時間內，人們開始學習，為以後的發展打下基礎。
Childhood is a valuable gift, too. The gift brought me the ability to walk on the street, and to speak with others. The gift endowed me with the initial knowledge about the world. It was in childhood when I was fascinated by the story of a falling apple and Newton's discovery of gravitation. At that time, I made my decision to devote myself to studying science well. That's why now I can write this composition in Fudan University.
102 Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
學校應讓學生評估他們的老師。你是否同意這一觀點？
1 對老師的表現進行反饋對學生有很大好處
段落大意：學生對老師的評價可以讓老師更有針對性地進行教學，學生反之可以因此得益。
Students would have great benefits from such a survey. If students are not satisfied with a teacher, they would be offered a chance to express their opinions. By expressing their opinions, students can make teachers prepare better for their lectures or explain the content more clearly with more enthusiasm. Therefore, students would be able to understand the lectures better and consequently to get higher grades. Furthermore, the students would be motivated to pay more attention during classes and to listen to lectures more regularly.
2 對老師進行激勵，可以鼓勵他們
段落大意：通過獎罰製度激勵老師，可以提高教學質量。
Good teachers should be rewarded financially or otherwise. Teachers who receive low grade from his students should be sanctioned, for example, by lowering his salary. In extreme cases, he should be fired. This way he would be forced to improve his teaching skills in order to keep his job or raise his salary. Therefore, he would become a more competent teacher and better educator. This would improve the overall quality of education in the school.
3 評估對教學雙方的好處
段落大意：評價一方麵可以激勵老師積極備課、教學，另一方麵對於學生也是一種激勵。
Evaluation is the measure of effectiveness. Evaluation of teachers and students as well, is very important for the effectiveness in teaching and understanding. Evaluation of teachers by the students can improve the learning atmosphere, can bring new ideas for teaching and will help in knowing the understanding level of the class as a whole.
4 學生反饋對校方的好處
段落大意：對校方來講，學生的反饋能夠給學校的教學規劃帶來好處。
Through the evaluation, the school will know the type of teacher students require. This will help in strengthening the institute by knowing and improving the weak areas while teaching. This will certainly help in bringing new ideas and practical approach in teaching. As it is well said that the good and bright students reflect the good teachers, similarly, good teachers also reflect good students. Thus, evaluation will measure the quality of the education. And the quality education is the indication of the dedicated and the appropriate teacher for the students.
166 People recognize a difference between children and adults. What events (experiences or ceremonies) make a person an adult? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.
人們意識到了兒童與成人的區別。哪些事情可以使一個人長大？
1 進入大學是人生的一個標誌
段落大意：進入大學學習是很多人成長的開端。
We may look into every possible event; however, the foremost should be the entrance to college. From the first day on campus, we have to do lots of things all by ourselves, such as washing clothes, cleaning dorms and buying things. A child would never worry about these things when he or she has parents around them. We also learn how to protect ourselves and how to get well with others. We keep alert to judge whether our behaviors are right or wrong and distinguish which is good or bad for us. When we meet difficulties, we can overcome them by our own efforts instead of asking for help from parents.
2 愛的經曆是成長的動力
段落大意：愛是教會人們成長的因素。
What is love? Love has many definitions, which varies from one person to another. One may never know what true love is until it has been experienced. Love is the most amazing, affectionate feeling that can be experienced. According to some definition, love is an emotion that is“explored in philosophy, religion, and literature, often as either romantic love, the fraternal love of others, or the love of God.”Love can teach people how to admire, how to care about others and the most important, how to dedicate.
112 Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?
小孩應該在很小的時候就開始接受正規教育並花大量時間學習，還是應該花大量時間玩耍？
1 小孩玩耍的好處
段落大意：小孩子玩耍可以激發他們的想象力，這對他們以後的成長很重要。
It is important to establish a definition of play and the importance of play in the development of the child. The importance of play should always be remembered when devising programs for children. Through imaginative play, children practice and come to terms with aspects of daily life. Children can also be encouraged to express themselves and learn about emotions through play. Play is a vital part of the growth and development process for children.
2 玩耍對於能力的培養
段落大意：在玩耍的過程中，小孩子多方麵的能力得到了提高。
When children play, they do things they enjoy, often together or with toys. Play is one of the most powerful vehicles children have for trying out and mastering new social skills, concepts and experiences. Psychologists, such as Faulkner, have come up with present evidence that plays are seen as a means of developing social skills and interpersonal relationships with others.
3 玩耍對於想象力的培養
段落大意：研究證明，小孩子在玩耍的過程中想象力和創造力得到了鍛煉，這對他們今後的成長很關鍵。
The majority of research done by Cognitive Psychologists dealing with human cognition has revealed it to be related to the human imagination. As evident shown by the fact, many psychologists view the process of thinking as the forming of mental representations, and through the manipulation of these imaginative images we come to form thoughts. Thus, the imaginative skills a child learns during playing are vital for that child's successful development into a well adapted and functional adult. Through the simple act of play a child's ability to create mental icons is stimulated because a child's activity during play is mainly imaginary. In this imaginary world，children learn to deal with reality, and for this reason a child's play-time activities have a great bearing on their social, emotional, behavioral, and overall cognitive development.