第一節“退而更化”：中國合作金融的改良之路
白欽先 秦援晉
（遼寧大學）
摘要：合作金融的現代化是二十世紀一百年中國知識分子探索的一個大題目，但迄今並未得到滿意的解決。從社會哲學上看，這涉及到如何處理現代化與傳統之間的緊張關係。百年來知識分子的否定傳統、移植西方體製的思維方式到底對不對？本文即從回答這個基本社會哲學問題入手，檢討中國傳統合作金融組織——合會的珍貴遺產，申明自願原則是合作金融的靈魂以及這個靈魂對當今中國合作金融的改良所具有的價值。在此基礎上，本文提出了以組建中國農村合作銀行為核心的政策建議，而中國農業銀行出售非農業務、回歸農村，與農村信用社進行資本重組與業務整合，是現實可行的一條最佳途徑。
關鍵詞：合作金融 合會 自願原則 中國農村合作銀行
Abstract：The thesis，which how the modernization of the co-operative finance would be achieved in china，is very important to Chinese intellectual in the twentieth century.But up to now，this problem not be solved satisfactorily.In the sense of social philosophy，it is in connection with general culture which try to answer the questions below：how will the tense relationship between tradition and modernization be relaxed？How do we examine and evaluate the efforts of intellectual's hard work？They had tried to give up the Chinese tradition，and at the same time，to transplant the political and economic systems from the western nations to China.This paper will try to answer the above-mentioned questions.At first，we will look back the trace of the Co-operative Society which existed in China as a traditional organization for two thousands years.We found that its soul，which can be defined as“on a voluntary basis”，is also vital to the modern co-operative finance.The intellectual of the twentieth century had made a mistake in the relationship between tradition and modernization.After the above-mentioned reflection，we will put forward our view to policy-maker：to establish the Rural Co-operative Bank of China.
Keywords：Co-operative finance，the Co-operative Society，voluntary principle，the Rural Co-operative Bank of China
一、解題
“退而更化”是一個比較陌生的成語，它是中國傳統思想中一個有價值的方法論，要解決的是現代化與傳統之間的緊張關係。回眸二十世紀的一百年，中國人之放棄“退而更化”的思維方法，是十分可惜的，也是對今天的改革和文化遞進大有遺害的。本文以“合作金融”作為案例，考察一番“退而更化”的思維方法對當前中國之合作金融的改良有什麼價值。