這兩個詞都是副詞,都有“時常”、“經常”之意,但它們在修辭意思和詞意程度上有所不同。
always含有“沒有例外地”(without exception)和“始終”(at all times)的意思,它的反義詞是never。例:
Summers in Hong Kong are always hot and humid.
香港的夏季總是既炎熱又潮濕。
Parents always love their children.
父母永遠愛護兒女。
假如有例外,一般就不能用always,而要改用often或very often, 例如:That pupil(very)ofteo school late.(言外之意是該學生有時也不會遲到。)
但always也可以作強調或誇張用法,可以帶有強調從不間斷的感情色彩,例如上述學生盡管不是一輩子日日遲到,但也可以說:
That pupil is always late for school.
那學生老是遲到。
That loan shark always wears a smile to hide his ing.
那個放高利貸的人平日總是裝出一副笑臉以掩飾他的奸詐。
alway是always的古體和詩歌用語,現代英語中已廢而不用。
often含有“常常”(frequently)的意思,它的反義詞是ldom,因此,always的語氣比often重。
In summer,tropical storms often bring bad weather to Hong Kong and paralyze traffic.
在夏天,熱帶風暴到來時常常給香港帶來壞天氣,導致交通癱瘓。
They ud to e oftener (or more often).
他們過去比較常來。
oft等於often,但前者是古舊的詩歌用語,現已少用。
often的比較級一般用more often,oftener用得較少。
在古英語中,often可以用作形容詞。例:
By often u we ac ourlves to hardship.
在不少場合裏,often可以和frequently互換使用,但前者的語氣比後者強, 因為前者指numerous repetitiular recurrence;後者指repetition at short intervals。
短語as often as not等於more often than not, 其意為“往往”、“常常”,語氣比often強。