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【導讀】《中國學術之趨勢》包括四部分：老子與請教之關係、宋儒與川蜀文化、宋儒與道統、中西文化之融合。主要分析了道家思想與儒家思想的特征，並對儒道兩家的關係及二者在中國學術思想史上的地位給予了新的說明。李宗吾認為中國學術有兩個最發金時期，第一是周秦諸子，第二是趙宋諸儒，此二期之學術都有創造性。
自序一
我平生喜歡研究心理學。於民國九年，作一文曰《心理與力學》，創出一條臆說：“心理依力學規律而變化。”有了這條臆說，覺得經濟、政治、外交，與夫人世一切事變，都有一定軌道，於是陸陸續續，寫了些文字，曾經先後發表。
後來我又研究諸子百家的學說，覺得學術上之演變，也有軌道可尋。我們如果知道從前的學術是如何演變，即可推測將來的學術當向何種途徑趨去，因成一文曰《中國學術之趨勢》，自覺此種觀察，恐怕不確，存在篋中，久未發表。去歲在重慶，曾將原稿交《濟川公報》登載，茲把它印為單行本，請閱者指正。
我說“心理依力學規律而變化”，聞者常駁我道：“人的思想、活動自由，哪裏有什麼規律？”殊不知我們受了規律的支配，自己還不覺得。譬如書房裏，有一鳥籠，鳥在籠中，跳來跳去，自以為活動自由了，而我們在旁觀之，任它如何跳，終不出籠之範圍。設使把籠打破，鳥在此室中，更是活動自由了，殊不知仍有一個書房，把它範圍著。漢唐以後的儒者，任他如何說，終不出孔子的範圍，周秦諸子和東西洋哲學家，可說是打破了孔子範圍，而他們的思想，仍有軌道可尋，既有軌道可尋，即是有規律。
自開辟以來，人類在地球上，行行走走，自以為自由極了，三百年前，出了一個牛頓，發明地心引力，才知道：任你如何走，終要受地心引力的支配，這是業已成了定論的。人類的思想，自以為自由極了，我們試把牛頓的學說，擴大之，把他應用到心理學上，即知道：任你思想如何自由，終有軌道可尋，人世上一切事變，無不有力學規律，行乎其間，不過一般人，習而不察，等於牛頓以前的人，不知有地心引力一樣。
我寫文字，有一種習慣，心中有一種感想即寫一段，零零碎碎，積了許多段，才把它補綴起來，成了一篇文字。此次所發表者，是把許多小段，就其意義相屬者，放在一處，再視其內容，冠以篇名。因此成了四篇文字：（1）老子與諸教之關係，（2）宋儒與川蜀文化，（3）宋儒之道統，（4）中西文化之融合。總題之曰：中國學術之趨勢。