Under Chandragupta,the Mauryan Empire conquered the trans-lndus region,which was ever under Macedonian rule.Chandragupta then defeated the invasion led by Seleucus l,a Greek general from Alexander\\u0027s army.Under Chandragupta and his successors,internal and external trade,agriculture and economic activities,all thrived and expanded across lndia.
After the Kalinga War,the Empire experienced half a century of peace and security under Ashoka.Mauryan lndia also enjoyed an era of social harmony,religious transformation,and expansion of the sciences and of knowledge. Chandragupta Maurya\\u0027s embrace of Jainism increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society,while Ashoka\\u0027s embrace of Buddhism has set the foundation of the reign of social and political peace and non-violence across all of lndia.Ashoka sponsored the spreading of Buddhist ideals into Sri Lanka,Southeast Asia,West Asia and Mediterranean Europe.
印度孔雀帝國是一個鐵器時代的古印度帝國，孔雀王朝統治從公元前321年開始，到公元前185年結束。由位於印度次大陸東部印度恒河平原的摩揭陀國形成和發展而成（領土範圍包括今天的比哈爾，北方邦東部、孟加拉），孔雀帝國的首都是帕塔裏普（今巴特那市）。公元前322年，旃陀羅笈多建立了孔雀帝國。到公元前320年，孔雀帝國已經完全占領了印度的西北部，這裏曾經被亞曆山大帝國的總督統治過。
孔雀帝國的麵積大約為500萬平方公裏，在當時它是世界上最大的帝國之一，也是印度次大陸最大的國家。在帝國的鼎盛時期，帝國北臨喜馬拉雅山脈的自然邊界，東至現在的阿薩姆邦。西瀕現代的巴基斯坦，並且包括俾路支省、伊朗的東南部地區和現代阿富汗的大部分。在皇帝旃陀羅笈多和賓頭娑羅的領導下，孔雀帝國擴展到了印度的中部和南部地區，但不包括一小部分未知的部落和森林地區的卡林加（現代的奧裏薩邦附近），其後被阿育王征服。在阿育王統治結束後的60年中逐漸衰落，於公元前185年瓦解。
在旃陀羅笈多時期，孔雀帝國征服了外印度地區，這裏曾被馬其頓所統治。旃陀羅笈多擊敗了塞琉古一世的入侵，他是亞曆山大帝國軍隊中的希臘將領。在旃陀羅和他的繼任者的努力下，帝國的內外貿易、農業和經濟有所發展。
羯陵伽戰爭後，帝國在阿育王的統治下經曆了近半個世紀的和平。印度孔雀帝國出現了一個社會和諧，宗教開放和科學知識的發展時代。月護王的耆那教信仰，全麵提高了社會和宗教改革的水平，而阿育王佛教的信仰為整個印度政治和社會的和平與非暴力的狀態奠定了基礎。在阿育王大力幫助下，佛教傳播到斯裏蘭卡，東南亞，西亞和歐洲地中海地區的諸多地區。
Black and White on Both Sides—Asoka 黑白雙麵阿育王
Ashoka was a Buddhist,and later became Buddhist law enforcement.Indian emperor Ashoka\\u0027s reputation is unmatched,his impact on history can also ranks first in the Indian emperors.The performance of his life can be clearly divided into two parts,the first half is the“black Asoka”era,unified lndia mainly through struggle and won throne by force,It was about in 261 BC,the conquest of state Kalinga made 150 thousands of people were captured，100 thansands of people were killed.There were hundreds of thousands of casualties.Then,except Mysore region,he unified the whole lndia.It is said that Ashoka witnessed a mass killing at the scene in the conquest of Kalinga,deeply contrite,and then cease military expansion.And the second is the“white Asoka”era,in efforts to promote Buddhism in the country,andfinally contributed to this worldwide religions and prosperity.Buddhism did not become the state religion,or the persecution of other sects,on the contrary,Brahmanism and Jainism were granted generous donations.As Ashoka insisted tolerance and nonviolence,he ruled lndia up to 41 years in people\\u0027s cheers.
阿育王是一位佛教徒，後來還成為了佛教的護法。阿育王的知名度在印度帝王中是無與倫比的，他對曆史的影響同樣也可居印度帝王之首。他一生的業績可以明顯分成兩個部分，前半生是“黑阿育王”時代，主要是經過奮鬥坐穩王位和通過武力統一印度，在約前261年征服羯陵伽國時有15萬人被俘，10萬人被殺，死傷數以萬計。繼而，除邁索爾地區外，統一印度全境。據說，阿育王由於在征服羯陵伽國時親眼目睹了大量屠殺的場麵，深感悔悟，於是停止武力擴張，後半生是“白阿育王”時代，在全國努力推廣佛教，終於促成了這一世界性宗教的繁榮。阿育王使佛教成為國教，也沒有迫害其他教派，相反對婆羅門教和耆那教也予以慷慨捐助。由於阿育王強調寬容和非暴力主義，他在民眾的歡呼聲中統治了長達41年的時間。