1.“Village”Set Up—The Establishment of the United Nations“村委會”組建——聯合國的成立
The United Nations is an international[1]organization which was founded in 1945 affter World War ll.Since then its aims and activities have expanded to make it the archetypal[2]international body in the early 21st century.
US President Franklin Delano Roosevelt first suggested using the name United Nations to refer to the Allies of World War ll.Franklin Roosevelt adopted the name and the first official use of the term occurred on January 1，1942 with the Declaration by the United Nations.During subsequent[3]phases of World War ll the Allies used the term“united Nations”to refer to their alliance.
The idea founding United Nations as an international organization emerged in declarations signed at the wartime[4]Allied conferences：the Moscow Conference and the Tehran Conference in 1943.
From August to October 1944，representatives of France,the Republic of China,the United Kingdom,the United States,and the USSR met to elaborate plans at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference in Washington,D.C.Those and later talks produced proposals outlining the purposes of the United Nations organization,its membership and organs,as well as arrangements to maintain international peace and security and international economic and social cooperation.Governments and private citizens of the worldwide[5]discussed and debated these proposals.
At the Yalta Conference,it was agreed that membership would be open to nations that had joined the Allies on 1 March 1945.On April 25，1945，the United Nations Conference on lnternational Organization began in San Francisco.In addition to governments,a number of non-government organizations,including Rotary lnternational and Lions Clubs International received invitations to assist in the drafting of a charter.After working for two months,thefifty nations represented at the conference signed the Charter of the United Nations on June 26.Poland,which was unable to send a representative to the conference due to political instability,signed the charter on October 15，1945.The charter stated that before it would come into effect,it must be ratified[6]by the Governments of China,France,the USSR,the United Kingdom,and the United States,and by a majority of the other 46 signatories[7].This occurred on October 24，1945，and the United Nations was officially formed.
The League of Nations formally dissolved itself on 18 April 1946 and transferred its mission to the United Nations.
聯合國是第二次世界大戰結束後於1945年成立的國際組織。自那時起，聯合國逐步拓展了其目標與行動範疇，在21世紀初已發展成為了舉足輕重的國際性機構。
美國總統富蘭克林·羅斯福是最先使用合國來描述第二次世界大戰同盟國的人。1942年1月1日，羅斯福在《聯合國家宣言》中第一次正式使用了這一詞語。此後，同盟國便開始使用聯合國來稱呼它們的聯盟。
建立聯合國這一國際組織的想法，始於同盟國在1943年莫斯科會議和德黑蘭會議上簽署的聲明。
1944年8月到1944年10月，來自法、中、英、美、蘇五國代表在華盛頓哥倫比亞特區的敦巴頓橡樹園舉行了會議，詳細討論了聯合國的建立的具體事宜。此次會議及此後的多次會議，五國代表紛紛提議了一係列草案，提出了聯合國的宗旨、成員國及組織機構和職能，賦予聯合國組織維護國際和平與安全、促進國際經濟和社會合作的職責。各國政府以及世界各地的公民對這一係列草案進行了多番商討與辯論。
1945年3月1日舉行的雅爾塔會議，確定了聯合國將接納同盟國國家為其成員國。1945年4月25日，在美國舊金山舉行了聯合國國際組織會議。除了這一些國家政府外，國際扶輪社、國際獅子會等多個非政府組織也獲邀參與憲章的起草。兩個月後，50個國家的代表於6月26日在會議上簽署了《聯合國憲章》。由於本國政治不穩定而未能派出代表簽約的波蘭，則在1945年10月15日簽署了該憲章。按憲章規定，憲章必須由中國、法國、蘇聯、英國、美國這五國政府以及其餘46國政府中的多數正式批準後，方可生效。由於已經滿足上述條件，聯合國於1945年10月24日正式成立。
先前的國際組織國際聯盟則在1946年4月18日正式解散，並將其職責轉交給了聯合國。
[1]international adj.國際的，國際間進行的
[2]archetypal adj.原型的
[3]subsequent adj.隨後的，繼……之後的
[4]wartime n.戰時
[5]worldwide adj.全世界的，世界範圍的
[6]signatories n.簽署國
[7]signatory n.簽字人，簽約國
2.“Village Head”and“Village Cadres”—UN Agencies“村長與”村幹部——聯合國的機構組成
The United Nations\\u0027system is based onfive principal[1]organs（formerly six-the Trusteeship[2]Council suspended operations in 1994，upon the independence of Palau,the last remaining UN trustee territory）；the General Assembly,the Security Council,the Economic and Social Council（ECOSOC），the Secretariat,and the lnternational Court of Justice.
Four of the five principal organs are located at the main United Nations headquarters located on international territory in New York City.The lnternational Court of Justice is located in The Hague,while other major agencies are based in the UN offices at Geneva,Vienna,and Nairobi.Other UN institutions are located throughout the world.