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論曆史人物評價
論人不應過苛
……中國人之評論人,大抵特別嚴酷,應該多譯點別國人做的評傳,給大家看看。
1935年10月20日致孟十還
靠不住的曆史
在曆史上的記載和論斷有時也是極靠不住的,不能相信的地方很多,因為通常我們曉得,某朝的年代長一點,其中必定好人多;某朝的年代短一點,其中差不多沒有好人。為什麼呢?因為年代長了,做史的是本朝人,當然恭維本朝的人物,年代短了,做史的是別朝人,便很自由地貶斥異朝的人物……
選自《而已集·魏晉風度及文章與藥及酒之關係》
人無完人
從這些人們的批評的指示,則隻要不完全,有缺陷,就不行。但現在的人,的事,那裏會有十分完全,並無缺陷的呢,為萬全計,就隻好毫不動彈。然而這毫不動彈,卻也就是一個大錯。總之,做人之道,是非常之煩難了……
選自《二心集·非革命的急進革命論者》
倘要完全的書,天下可讀的書怕要絕無,倘要完全的人,天下配活的人也就有限。
選自《譯文序跋集·〈思想·山水·人物〉題記》
顧及全人
不過我總以為倘要論文,最好是顧及全篇,並且顧及作者的全人,以及他所處的社會狀態,這才較為確鑿。要不然,是很容易近乎說夢的。
選自《且介亭雜文二集·“題未定”草(七)》
倘有取舍,即非全人
又如被選家錄取了《歸去來辭》和《桃花源記》,被論客讚賞著“采菊東籬下,悠然見南山”的陶潛先生,在後人的心目中,實在飄逸得太久了,但在全集裏,他卻有時很摩登,“願在絲而為履,附素足以周旋,悲行止之有節,空委棄於床前”,竟想搖身一變,化為“阿呀呀,我的愛人呀”的鞋子,雖然後來自說因為“止於禮義”,未能進攻到底,但那些胡思亂想的自白,究竟是大膽的。就是詩,除論客所佩服的“悠然見南山”之外,也還有“精衛銜微木,將以填滄海,形天舞幹戚,猛誌固常在”之類的“金剛怒目”式,在證明著他並非整天整夜的飄飄然。這“猛誌固常在”和“悠然見南山”的是一個人,倘有取舍,即非全人,再加抑揚,更離真實。譬如勇士,也戰鬥,也休息,也飲食,自然也性交,如果隻取他末一點,畫起像來,掛在妓院裏,尊為性交大師,那當然也不能說是毫無根據的,然而,豈不冤哉!
選自《且介亭雜文二集·“題未定”草(六)》
有缺點的戰士
Schopenhauer說過這樣的話:要估定人的偉大,則精神上的大和體格上的大,那法則完全相反。後者距離愈遠即愈小,前者卻見得愈大。
正因為近則愈小,而且愈看見缺點和創傷,所以他就和我們一樣,不是神道,不是妖怪,不是異獸。他仍然是人,不過如此。但也惟其如此,所以他是偉大的人。
戰士戰死了的時候,蒼蠅們所首先發見的是他的缺點和傷痕,嘬著,營營地叫著,以為得意,以為比死了的戰士更英雄。但是戰士已經戰死了,不再來揮去他們。於是乎蒼蠅們即更其營營地叫,自以為倒是不朽的聲音,因為它們的完全,遠在戰士之上。
的確的,誰也沒有發見過蒼蠅們的缺點和創傷。
然而,有缺點的戰士終竟是戰士,完美的蒼蠅也終竟不過是蒼蠅。
去罷,蒼蠅們!雖然生著翅子,還能營營,總不會超過戰士的。你們這些蟲豸們!
選自《華蓋集·戰士和蒼蠅》
第四卷
人無完人——魯迅論人物
論曆史人物評價
論人不應過苛
……中國人之評論人,大抵特別嚴酷,應該多譯點別國人做的評傳,給大家看看。
1935年10月20日致孟十還
靠不住的曆史
在曆史上的記載和論斷有時也是極靠不住的,不能相信的地方很多,因為通常我們曉得,某朝的年代長一點,其中必定好人多;某朝的年代短一點,其中差不多沒有好人。為什麼呢?因為年代長了,做史的是本朝人,當然恭維本朝的人物,年代短了,做史的是別朝人,便很自由地貶斥異朝的人物……
選自《而已集·魏晉風度及文章與藥及酒之關係》
人無完人
從這些人們的批評的指示,則隻要不完全,有缺陷,就不行。但現在的人,的事,那裏會有十分完全,並無缺陷的呢,為萬全計,就隻好毫不動彈。然而這毫不動彈,卻也就是一個大錯。總之,做人之道,是非常之煩難了……
選自《二心集·非革命的急進革命論者》
倘要完全的書,天下可讀的書怕要絕無,倘要完全的人,天下配活的人也就有限。
選自《譯文序跋集·〈思想·山水·人物〉題記》
顧及全人
不過我總以為倘要論文,最好是顧及全篇,並且顧及作者的全人,以及他所處的社會狀態,這才較為確鑿。要不然,是很容易近乎說夢的。
選自《且介亭雜文二集·“題未定”草(七)》
倘有取舍,即非全人
又如被選家錄取了《歸去來辭》和《桃花源記》,被論客讚賞著“采菊東籬下,悠然見南山”的陶潛先生,在後人的心目中,實在飄逸得太久了,但在全集裏,他卻有時很摩登,“願在絲而為履,附素足以周旋,悲行止之有節,空委棄於床前”,竟想搖身一變,化為“阿呀呀,我的愛人呀”的鞋子,雖然後來自說因為“止於禮義”,未能進攻到底,但那些胡思亂想的自白,究竟是大膽的。就是詩,除論客所佩服的“悠然見南山”之外,也還有“精衛銜微木,將以填滄海,形天舞幹戚,猛誌固常在”之類的“金剛怒目”式,在證明著他並非整天整夜的飄飄然。這“猛誌固常在”和“悠然見南山”的是一個人,倘有取舍,即非全人,再加抑揚,更離真實。譬如勇士,也戰鬥,也休息,也飲食,自然也性交,如果隻取他末一點,畫起像來,掛在妓院裏,尊為性交大師,那當然也不能說是毫無根據的,然而,豈不冤哉!