10.單親家庭的教育問題 Ⅰ
段落大意：學者通過研究發現，單親不一定會影響孩子的教育。
“Living in a single-parent family （單親家庭） does not necessarily determine how well-prepared children are for school,”concludes a Cornell University Study of about 1,700.children between 6.to 7.years old from white and black households. Henry Ricciuti, an emeritus professor（榮譽教授） of human development at Cornell, stressed that the potential adverse effects of growing up in a single-parent family might not emerge until later in childhood. He also said that many children in single-parent families might have the advantage of a smaller family size and the increased likelihood of the presences of a maternal（母係的） grandparent, aunt, or uncle in the household. The findings of this study suggest that such support for single-parent families should begin in the early childhood years, when the potential adverse effects of single parenthood have not yet emerged or become apparent. Most of the previous studies have focused on adolescents or high school students and have tended to report adverse effects, typically attributed to（歸因於） differences in family income. The study by Ricciuti is one of the few that focus on younger children.
11.單親家庭的教育問題 Ⅱ
段落大意：單親家庭對孩子的教育存在不利影響。
In the book Growing Up with a Single Parent, the author summarized the findings of a number of studies that had been conducted in the 1980s. These studies generally found that children who were raised in single-parent families were less likely to attend college than those from two-parent families, and much less likely to graduate from college. However, there was clear evidence that these effects were much less severe if one parent had died than if the child’s parents had divorced or had never married. These results suggest that it is not “single-parenting”that yields （產生） adverse effects. Rather, single-parenting appears to act as a proxy（代表） for the underlying factors that lead parents not to marry, or to divorce. It is those unobserved factors that have the primary impact on children’s future performance. These studies also explored the effects of parental absence due to divorce or death on the children’s labor market outcomes as adults. Although these studies are consistent（一致的） in finding that the absence of a parent has some effect on adult earnings, they disagree on what that effect is. For example, some experts conclude that whereas the earnings of women are the same regardless of family backgrounds, those of men from divorced families are approximately three percent lower than those of men from intact families.
12.家長對孩子的影響
段落大意：孩子的溝通能力和學習態度都深受家長的影響，家長應注重對孩子的家庭教育。
Some parents think that once their children are at school, they can relax and let the education system take control, but this is not the case at all. As a research shows, parents have a greater influence on their children’s academic results than the school does. Children’s ability to communicate with teachers and peers and their attitude to learning are largely formed at home. Parents can help give their children a head start （領先） by beginning their education at home.
13.家庭對孩子的影響
段落大意：家庭在孩子的成長和成功過程中都扮演著非常重要的作用。
The family is a key element in every person’s life, and it has the greatest impact on children’s socialization （社會化）. Socialization is a learned behavior that remains with a person’s entire life. Family influences nearly every aspect of children’s life, including their education. Increasing evidence indicates that schools are not solely responsible for promoting our young people’s academic success; rather, families must be engaged in helping youths develop the knowledge and skills they need to function （發揮良好作用）in tomorrow’s workplace. Therefore, the question is not whether parents influence education, but how and to what extent they do.