42.垂釣放生保護點
段落大意：一些地點被指定為受保護的垂釣放生地點，釣魚者必須把在這些水域裏釣到的每一條魚都放生。
Local regulating authorities also designate specially protected locations as catch-and-release fishing areas, where anglers must release every fish caught, regardless of its size. Some of these waters require that anglers use barbless （無倒鉤的） hooks, which allow the angler to remove the hook easily from a fish’s mouth. Catch-and-release waters are becoming increasingly popular, particularly on trout （鮭魚） streams near major urban areas. Due to heavy angling pressure, many of these waters would otherwise be devoid （全無的） of fish, or rely solely on the stocking of hatchery （孵卵所）-raised game fish.
43.放風箏
段落大意：放風箏既是種很受歡迎的休閑娛樂活動，又是種競技運動，曆史悠久。
Kite refers to a wind-supported flying device consisting of a wooden or similar framework covered with paper, cloth, or synthetic （合成的） material. A kite is a rudimentary（早期的） airfoil（螺旋槳）. It can be flown for pleasure or for purposes of study. Attached to a long string, it can be sent aloft （在高處） through the action of the wind on its surfaces. Its distance or height is controlled from the ground by tightening or releasing the string. Kites are of ancient origin and were flown by various Asian peoples and the ancient Egyptians. Today kite flying is a popular pastime and a competitive sport. In eastern Asia, special competitions are held in which the kites are elaborately designed and decorated in the forms of birds, fish, or dragons and may be equipped with whistles or pipes that emit musical sounds as the wind blows through them. Kite-fighting contests are also held, in which competitors attempt to use their kites to attack down the kites of opponents.
44.人們從事園藝的不同目的
段落大意：園藝指種植及照料作物，人們從事園藝活動的目的不同。
Gardening refers to growing and caring for plants as an enjoyable leisure activity, to produce food, or to create beautiful landscapes with artfully arranged flowers, shrubs （灌木）, and trees. For some, gardening is a form of exercise, a way to save money on food, or a way to ensure that fruits and vegetables are free from pesticides or other chemicals. For others, gardening is a profession. Landscape gardeners design, install, and maintain gardens for a living. Unlike farmers, who typically produce large quantities of crops using complex equipment such as tractors （拖拉機）, gardeners usually produce plants in smaller quantities, relying on manual tools, such as spades （鐵鏟）, rakes （耙子）, hoes （鋤頭）, and small power tools, such as mowers （割草機） and tillers （耕作機）.
45.園藝的趣味性
段落大意：園藝在世界各地廣泛流行，人們從中可得到諸多享受。
Today gardening is practiced all over the world. With a little soil, some seeds, and a few basic tools, even inexperienced individuals can enjoy the rewards of creating a garden and watching it grow. Gardeners with more experience can delve （探究） more deeply, carry out research to select appropriate plants, and learn about the particular requirements for each type of plant. The more gardeners apply what they learn, the more their gardens thrive （茁壯） and grow.
46.魔術的概念
段落大意：魔術是一門娛樂藝術，通過違反自然律的詭計來實現，魔術師運用的欺騙原則是心理欺騙，如誤導、暗示、模仿和隱藏。
Magic，namely conjuring （變戲法），is an art of entertaining with tricks that are in apparent violation of natural law. The principles of deception that magicians use are psychological. The methods are manipulative （巧妙處理的） and mechanical. The psychological principles are misdirection, suggestion, imitation, and concealment. The spectators do not see everything that happens, and what they believe to have seen actually does not happen. Such faulty perception leads to false assumptions, fallacious （謬誤的） logic, and, in the end, the conclusion that the performer has done an impossible thing.
47.魔術的手法
段落大意：在魔術表演中，魔術師通過靈巧的手法來達到欺騙觀眾視覺的目的，有時需要借助一些偽裝裝置。
Sleight（熟練） of hand, that is, deception by manual dexterity （靈巧）, conceals certain actions in magical performance, or imitates some innocent, natural actions to mislead the audience. In some more difficult magical tricks, the performer employs sleight of hand without the use of special apparatus. Mechanical methods involve the use of camouflaged （偽裝的） apparatus that the audience sees but does not comprehend，and apparatus that is not seen. The tricks employing apparatus include stage tricks in which objects appear, disappear, change, float on air, survive mutilation （切斷）, or penetrate solid barriers.
48.運動的益處
段落大意：運動對身心健康都具有深遠的積極作用。
The benefits of exercise are far-reaching （深遠的）. Clinical and epidemiological （流行病學的） studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic exercise （有氧運動） reduces the risk of death due to heart disease and stroke, aids in reducing weight, helps prevent diabetes mellitus （糖尿病）, strengthens bones, and enhances immune function. The psychological benefits are also significant, and most studies suggest a positive relationship between physical exercise and mental health.
49.運動可減輕體重
段落大意：運動能促進能量的燃燒，從而減輕體重，幫助保持身體健康。
Many people exercise to lose weight. A calorie is a unit that measures the energy content of foods and the energy expenditure by the body. When the daily calorie intake from food is the same as calories expended in exercise, weight remains the same. The number of calories burned during exercise varies greatly due to the nature of different physical activities. However, the key to successful weight reduction is to exercise regularly, without increasing food intake proportionally. For example, walking one hour per day may consume only 300.calories of energy, a small fraction of an individual’s daily caloric intake. But over a period of time, if food consumption is simultaneously （同時地） reduced or remains the same, significant weight loss will result. One sound approach to reducing calories is to eat healthier foods that contain more fiber and less fat. This type of diet has also been proven healthier for the heart and blood vessels.
50.運動可預防心血管疾病
段落大意：有規律的有氧運動可以預防心血管疾病，並延長生命。
The relationship between regular aerobic exercise and cardiovascular （心血管的） health and longevity （長壽） is well established. Regular exercise leads to a reduction in the risk of coronary （冠狀動脈的） heart disease, in which fat in blood vessels accumulate on the wall of the heart and compromise （危及） oxygen delivery to the heart muscle. In addition, with regular exercise the efficiency of the heart is increased.
51.運動的合適強度
段落大意：因受限於種種因素，關於合適的運動強度，目前尚無定論。
One area of controversy has been how much exercise is enough to improve general health, reduce the risk of heart disease, and increase longevity. Meaningful studies on this topic are very difficult to perform because they require large populations of subjects and many years of data collection, and because poor health sometimes results in limitations to physical activity. Despite these difficulties, it is clear that regular exercise, along with a generally healthy lifestyle, is beneficial. People who have sedentary （久坐的） lifestyles make up half the population of industrialized societies, and this group can benefit most by exercising. One recent US National Institutes of Health （NIH） panel suggested that as little as 30.minutes of purposeful, moderately strenuous （費力的） physical activity every day—for example, rapid walking or lawn mowing （割草）—is sufficient to lower the risk of heart disease. There is no conclusive evidence to prove that an especially rigorous exercise routine, such as running many miles per day, as opposed to casual walking or jogging daily, will contribute to people’s longevity.
52.選擇寵物的範圍
段落大意：寵物可以與人為伴，給人帶來快樂。幾乎任何動物都可以被當做寵物，但瀕危動物除外。
Pets are animals kept for pleasure and companionship. They are usually domesticated （馴養的） and selectively bred to live with human beings, as is the case especially with dogs, cats, and horses. Nearly any animal, however, can be kept as pets including mammals like hamsters（倉鼠） and skunks （臭鼬）, birds like canaries（金絲雀） and falcons（獵鷹）, reptiles like harmless snakes and turtles, amphibians like frogs and salamanders （蠑螈）, and tropical fish as well. Even insects, such as crickets, are sometimes kept as pets. Endangered species, however, should not be taken into consideration.
53.寵物的作用
段落大意：寵物除了可以陪伴人們，還可以保護家庭和財產、消滅害蟲，也可成為人們的情感寄托。最近，寵物還被發現具有治療作用。
Besides their value as loved and loving companions, pets serve utilitarian （實用的） purposes such as protecting homes and property and destroying vermin. They may also serve as emotional outlets for the elderly or the childless. Recently, the benefit of pet-facilitated psychotherapy （心理療法） has been demonstrated. In addition, pets may be kept for their beauty or rarity or, in the case of birds, for their songs.
54.寵物的來源
段落大意：現在，寵物一般都購自飼養者、寵物商店或動物庇護所等，不管寵物購自何處，都要注意寵物的健康問題。
Today, pets are generally purchased from breeders, pet shops, or animal shelters rather than individually captured and tamed. The advantage of buying directly from an animal breeder is that the prospective owner can obtain information about a pet’s genetic history. Pet shops, however, offer a variety of animals to choose from, and because they do not depend on the sale of one particular species or breed, they may offer more candid （坦白的） advice on the desirability of one type over another to fulfill specific needs. Private or civic shelters for abandoned animals or animals given up for adoption are also good places for acquiring pets. In any case, the healthiest-looking specimen （抽樣） should be sought, and a guarantee of good health for at least 2.weeks should be requested. A veterinarian （獸醫） should examine the pet before purchase if possible or immediately thereafter （在那之後）.
55.有關新寵物的注意事項
段落大意：新寵物需要時間來適應新環境，應請獸醫進行檢查，以確定寵物是否患有疾病，最後還要注意寵物是否會傷人。
When a pet is introduced into the home, it should be allowed to adjust itself to its new surroundings. A regular schedule of feeding and watering, cleaning, brushing, and exercising should be established, with specific areas provided for these routines. Pet owners should bring their newly acquired animals to a vet, who will examine them for congenital （先天的） and contagious （傳染的） diseases and for parasites （寄生蟲） and will initiate a routine vaccination （疫苗） and examination schedule. The vet will also make recommendations for proper care and feeding. Domesticated（被馴養了的） animals may occasionally become destructive. In such cases, on the advice of the veterinarian, qualified animal trainers may be consulted.
56.寵物的處置
段落大意：當迫於環境無法繼續飼養寵物時，應該將其交給其他愛好寵物的家庭，或有責任心的動物營救組織。
When circumstances no longer allow an owner to keep a pet, it should be placed in a good home, or with a responsible animal-rescue organization, such as the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, or shelters, where it may be given up for adoption or, if necessary, quickly and mercifully destroyed.
57.了解寵物
段落大意：我們應當把寵物當做家庭成員，充分尊重並了解它們。
It is easy to understand why we treat our pets as members of the family. We invite them into our homes, feed and groom （照料） them, and take them to the vet when they are not well. Our pets possess feelings and emotions, many of which are similar to our own. However, these furry members of the family differ from us in important ways. We must respect our dogs and cats as species that are unique and fascinatingly different from us, and acknowledge their nature and characteristics. Some of the medical and many of the behavioral problems of the pets are consequences of people forgetting what the pets really are. Getting to know the pets will likely help improve their health and behavior.
58.人們喜歡寵物的原因
段落大意：人類天性想要養育、照顧其他生物，寵物滿足了人們的這種需求。
We can better understand something about ourselves by thinking about why we want pets around. We humans have a unique lifelong need to nurture, to take care of other living things. Parents typically have their children in the homes for only about one-third of their lives, but the need to give and receive love lasts throughout the whole lives. Many people meet this nurturing need with hobbies such as gardening. A pet fulfills our desire for loving and being loved more efficiently because it has interactions with human and may develop affection for its owner.
59.對寵物的訓練
段落大意：訓練寵物的方法要得當，對寵物進行恐嚇是毫無意義的。
How should you treat your cat or dog? With respect, but not the same respect you would give to a child. Unlike a child, your pet will never learn democratic values. There is no need for democracy in our relationship with our pets. We make decisions for them. Threats are also pointless. A pet won’t understand a declaration such as, “If you do that once more, you are gated （禁足） for the night.”Both cats and dogs respond best to standard and inflexible rules:No climbing the curtains, no raiding （侵入） the garbage, no barking, and so on. Pets learn rules most effectively when no threat is involved. Besides, reward training—techniques in which a pet learns to do something good because there is a reward—is one of the most effective ways in training.
60.寵物幫助我們了解自己
段落大意：寵物幫助我們了解自己。
Living with other species is beneficial. It is only in the last few “seconds”of evolutionary time that we as humans disassociated ourselves from the natural world in which we evolved. Pets remind us where we have come from. They are “ambassadors from the Paleolithic（舊石器時代），”in the words of Professor Lionel Tiger. We owe them the respect and acknowledgement of their unique emotional and physical needs.
61.彩票的概念
段落大意：彩票是賭博的一種。
Lottery is the activity of drawing lots to distribute prizes, usually money, among those who have purchased a chance. Lottery is considered a form of gambling, because the value of the prize is greater than the cost of the ticket, and no skill is involved.
62.彩票與國家收入
段落大意：一些國家通過彩票來增加國家收入。
Lotteries were still being used in the 20th century by some governments and by charitable and religious institutions to raise revenue （收入）. Spain, Italy, and a number of other countries hold public lotteries; France reinstituted （重新設立） its national lottery in 1933. During World War II the former Soviet Union promoted the sale of bonds （債券） by giving away a lottery ticket with each bond purchased.
63.一些國家的彩票發展情況
段落大意：最著名的彩票當屬愛爾蘭醫院的Sweepstakes彩票，發行於1930年，其後在美國大為流行，但後來美國也開始發行了自己的彩票。在加拿大，彩票得到廣泛支持。
Perhaps the most popular of all lotteries of the 20th century was the Irish Hospitals’ Sweepstakes, established in 1930. Once it was released, it became popular in the United States despite American laws which forbade the importation or distribution of lottery tickets through mails. Four of these lotteries were held annually, each based on a separate horse race, until 1981. Later the Irish Sweepstakes lottery lost much of its popularity in the United States as many states began their own lotteries in order to raise revenues without increasing taxes. The first legalized lottery to be held in the United States in the 20th century was initiated by the state of New Hampshire in 1963. By 1990, 42.states and the District of Columbia sponsored lotteries with a gross revenue of over $20.billion. In Canada all provinces and territories sponsored lotteries.
64.彩票的一些形式
段落大意：一種極流行的彩票是抽獎購物。此外，還有數字賭博形式的非法彩票。
A popular fund-raising activity of churches, fraternal （兄弟的） organizations, trade unions, and social clubs is the type of lottery known as raffle （抽獎購物）. Another form of lottery, the numbers game, is illegally operated in some US urban centers by organized syndicates （財團）. Each day participants place wagers （賭物） on numbers of several digits chosen by the bettors（賭博者）. The winning number is selected from published figures such as the daily total of dollars legally bet at a designated racetrack. To divert funds from this illegal operation and channel this revenue into the state treasury, New Jersey in 1975, and later a number of other states, instituted the state-run numbers games, using mechanical devices to select the winning combinations.