The fourth step is to summarize(概括) what you’ve heard.This allows you to make sure that both you and the difficult person are on the same page.When you do this,two things happen.First,if you’ve missed something,he can fill in the details(細節).Second,you’ve shown that you’re making an effort to understand completely.This increases the possibility of gaining cooperation from him.
Having listened carefully,you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced.Ask if he feels understood.
When enough sincere listening,questioning,and remembering are brought together,understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.
本篇文章介紹的是如何同有困難、需要求助且可能不善言辭的人溝通、交流的五步法:合作、回應、闡述、概括和確認。通過足夠真誠的聆聽、詢問、記憶別人的傾訴,便可以達到理解對方、幫助對方排憂解難的目的。表格概括了短文的重要信息,與2009年相同,10個設項均是實詞,包括6個名詞,3個動詞和1個形容詞。雖然其中兩個名詞和一個動詞可以直接從原文中找到,但需要考生對原文充分理解與歸納,其他7個考點均需進行不同層次的信息轉換和提煉。
76.根據文章開頭一句:How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding? When difficult people express themselves orally,they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood.根據第二段第一句: How does a difficult person know that you’re listening and understanding?從這兩句話可以歸納出這題的正確答案應該是Listen或Listening,因為是文章討論的話題,所以兩個答案均可,均要大寫。題幹意為:傾聽以便於理解別人。此題考查考生的綜合概括能力。
77.根據文章第一段第二句:“ When difficult people express themselves orally,they generally want at least two things: they’ve been heard and they’ve been understood.”可以看出此題的正確答案是understood。 此題考查考生對文章中信息進行篩選的能力。
78.根據文章第一段:“As a good communicator should be a good listener,five steps are advocated toward good listening.”作者在為如何聆聽有困難的人支招,根據表中的信息,可以概括出這一題的正確答案是Suggestions或Tips或Advice。此題考查考生的綜合概括能力。
79.從文章第二段第五句“You do this by nodding your head in agreement,making certain sounds of understanding.”提取有效信息“通過會意的點頭,發出某些理解性的聲音便可以做到這一點”,將動名詞轉換為表中需要的祈使句動詞,故這一題應該填Nod。此題考查考生對所提取信息進行整合轉換的能力。
80.從文章第三段第二句:“It means that you repeat some words he is using …”可以看出這一題的正確答案是words。此題考查考生對文中信息進行篩選的能力。
81.從文章第四段:“Ask some open-ended questions,which will allow you to figure out what intention he is hoping to satisfy.”可以看出這一題的正確答案是intention。此題考查考生對文中信息進行篩選的能力。
82.根據文章第五段開頭:“The fourth step is to summarize what you’ve heard.”可以看出表中需要的信息是名詞,故正確答案是summary。此題考查考生對所提取信息進行整合轉換的能力。
83.根據文章第六段開頭“Having listened carefully,you’ve now arrived at the point of confirming with the person that he feels satisfied that his thoughts have been fully voiced.”提取有效信息“確認傾訴衷腸後,有困難的人獲得了某種滿足感”。根據表格的需要,把文中的過去分詞轉換成表格中需要的名詞,故填satisfaction。此題考查考生對所提取信息進行整合轉換的能力。
84.根據文章最後一段“When enough sincere listening,questioning,and remembering are brought together,understanding is usually achieved and a difficult person becomes less difficult and more cooperative.”提取有效信息,把less difficult轉換成相同意思的另一種說法,當然應該是easier。此題考查考生對所提取信息進行整合轉換的能力。
85.根據文章的開頭和結尾,可以歸納出本題答案應該是hearts或minds。題幹意為:傾聽並理解了有困難的人便可以開啟其心扉之門。此題考查考生的綜合概括能力。
總之,隻要了解了任務型讀寫的命題規律與特點,掌握了一定的技巧與方法,通過仔細閱讀原文,深刻領會文章的主旨大意,再根據表格中設項的需要,對從文章中所提取的有用信息進行篩選、整合轉換與綜合概括,做任務型讀寫題就一定會得心應手,順風順水,遊刃有餘。
參考文獻:
[1]普通高中英語新課程標準(實驗).人民教育出版社,2003.
[2]2010年普通高等學校招生全國統一考試安徽卷英語科考試說明.