這一組詞都能用作副詞,表示“以前”的意思,但它們的使用場合有所不同。

一般來說,ago與一般過去時連用,表示“以前某個指明的時間”(refers to a specified point of time in the past);而before則與完成時連用,表示“以前一段不指明的時間”(refers to an unspecified period of time that has pasd)。試對比下麵的例句:

I went to the Space Muum two weeks ago.

兩星期前我到過太空館。

I have been to the Space Muum before.

我曾到過太空館。

Mr.Johnson joihe Democratic Party thirty years ago.

約翰遜先生於30年前加入民主黨。

Mr.Johnson had been an activist before.

約翰遜先生以前是個活躍分子。

在間接敘述句裏,before取代ago,並與過去完成時連用,例如:

Mr.Johnson joihe Democratic Party thirty years ago.

約翰遜先生於30年前加入民主黨。

Mr.Johnson said he had joihe Democratic Party thirty years before.

約翰遜先生說他在30年前參加了民主黨。

從上麵兩例可看出,ago是從現在看過去;before則是從過去某個時刻看從前。為此,ago與一般過去時連用;before則與過去完成時連用。值得注意的是,有些英美人士在應該使用before的場合卻使用ago,以表示語氣生動。例如:

He had all but fotten all tho lashings,over twenty years ago.—Roots

將直接引語改為間接引語時,除了要注意時態和人稱的變化外,副詞也要作相應的變化。例如:“I studied in Hong Kong thirty years ago,”said Johnson.要改為:Johnson said he had studied in Hong Kong thirty years before.

下麵是一些最常見的副詞和代詞的變化例子:

直接引語間接引語now then this that the tho here there today that day tomorrow the day the following dayyesterdaythe day beforethe previous daylast nightthe night beforethe previous nightagobefore此外,ago絕不能和since用在一個句子裏。例如我們不能說:It is five years ago since we came to Hong Kong.正確的說法是:It was five years ago that we came to Hong Kong.或:It is five years since we came to Hong Kong.此外,亦可用簡單句來表達此意,即:We came to Hong Kong five years ago.