當然,這種想法也有不利之處。意識到在線算法的局限性之後,可能隻會讓科技巨擘希望進一步擴張影響力。如穀歌眼鏡(Google Glass)之類的設備,以及《精靈寶可夢Go》(Pokémon Go)之類的遊戲,都希望消弭線上和線下的差別,融合成單一的增強現實(augmented reality,AR)。再談到更深的層次,生物傳感器和直接的腦機接口則希望能夠抹去電子機器和有機體之間的邊界,真正與人體結合。等到這些科技企業真的和人體達成妥協,或許就能操縱我們的整個身體,就像它們現在操縱我們的眼睛、手指和信用卡一樣。到時候,可能我們就隻能懷念過去線上、線下有明顯區別的美好時光了。
總而言之,到了2018年,對於社群崩潰、不平等日益加劇、社會兩極分化和全球理想幻滅等問題,工程師和算法似乎還完全束手無策。人類政治家還有很多工作要做,但我們需要新型的政治家,並能夠以真正的全球視角來思考,因為現在的人類社會已經擁有共同的文明。這個文明絕不是什麼和諧的社群,而是充滿了內部分歧與衝突。然而,所有人類群體都麵對著共同的機會和挑戰,再也無法變回孤立的部落。
注釋
[1]Mark Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global unity’, 16 February 2017, https:brbr.facebook.brnotesbrmark-zuckerbergbrbuilding-global-unitybr10154544292806634br, accesd 20 August 2017.
[2]John Shinal, ‘Mark Zuckerberg: Facebook play a role that churches and Little League once filled’, BC, 26 June 2017, https:brbr.bbr2017br06br26brmark-zuckerberg-pares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html, accesd 20 August 2017.
[3]http:brbr.bbr2017br06br26brmark-zuckerberg-pares-facebook-to-church-little-league.html; http:brbr.bbr2017br06br22brfacebook-has-a-new-mission-following-fake-news-crisis-zuckerberg-says.html.
[4]Robin Dunbar, Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language (Cambridge,MA: Harvard Uy Press, 1998).
[5]例如,參見:Pankaj Mishra, Age of Anger: A History of the Prent (London:Penguin, 2017).
[6]大致的調查與評論可參見:Derek Y.Darves and Michael C.Dreiling, Agents of Neoliberal Globalization: Corporate works, State Structures and Trade Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge Uy Press, 2016).
[7]Lisa Eadicicco, ‘Ameris Check Their Phones 8 Billion Times a Day’, Time, 15 December 2015, http:brbrtime.br4147614brsmartphone-usage-us-2015br, accesd 20 August 2017; Julie Beck, ‘Ign People for Phones Is the New Normal’, Atlantic, 14 June 2016, https:brbr.theatlantibrteologybrarchivebr2016brn-people-for-phones-is-the-new-normal-phubbing-studybr486845br, accesd 20 August 2017.
[8]Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global unity’, op.cit.
[9]Time Well Spent, http:brbr.timewellspent.iobr, accesd September 3, 2017.
[10]Zuckerberg, ‘Building Global unity’, op.cit.
[11]https:brbr.theguardian.brteologybr2017broctbr04brfacebook-uk-corporationtax-profit; https:brbr.theguardian.brbusinessbr2017brpbr21brtech-firms-taxeu-turnoogle-amazon-apple; http:brbrired.co.ukbrarticlebrfacebookapple-tax-loopholes-deals.