第16章 正義:人類的道德困境(3 / 3)

我們該怎麼做?是接受自由主義的教條,相信隻要把權力交給所有個體選民或顧客,就能得到最好的結果,還是拒絕個人主義,沿著傳統文化的方向,把權力交給某些群體,走一條集體共同判斷的路?然而,這樣的解決方案隻是讓我們從“個體無知”的刀山,掉進“群體偏見”的火海。在狩獵采集部落、鄉間聚落,甚至城市小區,都還有可能共同思考大家麵對的問題,但我們現在麵對的是全球性問題,而我們並沒有一個全球性的社群。不論是臉譜網、民族主義或宗教,距離建立這樣的社群還有遙遠的距離。所有現存的人類群體,都還隻是一心追求自己的利益,而非理解全球的真相和真理。不論是美國人、中國人還是伊斯蘭教或印度教教徒,都無法建構“全球社群”,於是他們各自對現實的詮釋也就難以令所有人信服。

我們該放棄嗎?人類會不會就是無法理解真相、不可能追求正義公平?我們是否已經進入後真相時代?

注釋

[1]Greene, Moral Tribes, op.cit.; Robert Wright, The Moral Animal (New York: Pantheon, 1994).

[2]Kely Timmerman, Where Am I Wearing?: A Global Tour of the tries, Factories, and People That Make Our Clothes (Hoboken: Wiley, 2012); Kely Timmerman, Where Am I Eating?: An Advehrough the Global Food Ey (Hoboken: Wiley, 2013).

[3]Reni Eddo-Lodge, Why I Am No Loalking to White People About Race (London: Bloomsbury, 2017); Ta-Nehisi Coates, Between the World and Me (Melbourext Publishing pany, 2015).

[4]Josie Ensor, ‘“Everyone in Syria Is Bad Now”, Says UN War Crimes Procutor as She Quits Post’, New York Times, 17 August 2017, http:brbr.telegraph.co.ukbrnewsbr2017br08br07breveryone-syria-bad-now-says-un-war-crimes-procutor-quits-postbr, accesd 18 October 2017.

[5]例如,參見:Helena Smith, ‘Shog Images of Drowned Syrian Boy Shic Plight ees’, Guardian, 2 September 2015, https:brbr.theguardian.brworldbr2015brpbr02brshog-image-of-drowned-syrian-boy-shows-tragic-plight-ees, accesd 18 October 2017.

[6]T.Kogut and I.Ritov, ‘The singularity effect of identified victims in parate and joint evaluations’, anizational Behavior and Human Decision Process 97:2 (2005), 106–16; D.A.Small and G.Loewenstein, ‘Helping a victim or helping the victim: Altruism and identifiability’, Journal of Risk and Uainty 26:1 (2003), 5–16; Greene, Moral Tribes, op.cit., 264.

[7]Russ Alan Prince, ‘Who Rules the World?’, Forbes, 22 July 2013, https:brbr.forbes.brsitesbrrussalanprincebr2013br07br22brwho-rules-the-worldbr#63c9e31d7625, accesd 18 October 2017.