第三章 仕途風雲(1 / 3)

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 1.金榜題名步入仕途

忽而兵法,忽而聖人之學,忽而養生之術。王陽明的二十七歲就這麼稀裏糊塗地過去了。

弘治十二年(1499年)春,王陽明再次參加會試,這已是他第三次參加會試了。這一次,王陽明順利過關,在接下來的殿試中,他以二甲第七名的優異成績被錄為進士。

依大明的科舉慣例,在殿試中名列一甲的“狀元”“榜眼”“探花”可以被直接任命官職,像王陽明這樣的二甲進士還要經曆一段“觀政”期,也就是現在所說的實習期。王陽明考中進士之後,被分到工部觀政,負責政府的土木建設工作。

在王陽明觀政工部期間,朝廷分派給王陽明的第一個任務就是讓他去監督建造威寧伯王越的墳墓。

王越,字世昌,河南浚縣人,明景泰二年(1451年)進士,曾任兵部尚書。王越是一位有著十餘年作戰經驗的軍事家,他性格豪爽,知人善用,樂於提拔人才,且熟諳兵法,極擅出奇製勝。他曾三次出兵與韃靼作戰,收複了河套地區。弘治十年十月,明邊境動蕩之際,王越被朝廷封為三邊(大同、延綏、甘寧)總製,為抵防韃靼侵擾、安定邊境立下卓越功勳。可王越畢竟年事已高,就在他被封為三邊總製不久之後的弘治十一年,王越在甘州去世,享年七十六歲。王越死後,朝遷封他為“威寧伯”,並出厚資為他修建墳墓。

王陽明觀政期間所接到的第一項工作任務就是為威寧伯這位軍事帥才督造墳墓,似是冥冥中的一種因緣。王越用兵以奇著稱,曾多次出其不意,攻其不備,殺得敵人措手不及;王陽明後來也是用兵如神,屢立戰功。但眼下的王陽明還隻是一名小小的實習生,離他建功立業的機會還遠著呢。

王陽明自己可不這麼看,別看他隻是一名墳墓督造,那場工事,在他眼裏,也是一次戰爭。何況,王越還是那樣一位讓他仰慕敬重的前輩。

說來也真是神奇,在王陽明還未考取進士之前,某天夜裏,他就曾夢到過王越。在夢中,一身戎裝的王越氣宇軒昂,目光灼灼,他徑直走到王陽明麵前,將腰間佩帶的一把寶劍解下來遞給了王陽明,一言未發,轉身就走了。寶劍贈英雄。那個夢讓王陽明興奮不已。醒來後他曾對人說:“吾當效威寧以斧鉞之任,垂功名於竹帛,吾誌遂矣。”為了研習王越兵法,王陽明還曾親自到河南浚縣,去詢問王越的後人,向他們探討王越兵法精髓所在。

王越去世的消息傳來,曾讓王陽明難過了好一段時間。等他來到威寧伯修造墳墓的現場,看到來往穿梭忙碌的役夫們,那股悲傷又化成了一股動力。他一定要指揮帶領這些人,為威寧伯建造一座非比尋常、美觀又堅固的墳墓。

什伍之法,是兵法書上常用的一種訓練士兵的方法。以什伍之法把那些役夫組織起來,把墳墓建造場當成一方軍事訓練基地,這主意估計也就王陽明能想起來。那些從四麵八方召集來的役夫民工,被王陽明分成了相應的組織單位,他們要嚴格按照作息時間起居勞作,要服從指揮,協同作戰。勞作休息期間,王陽明就把那些役夫們召集起來進行軍事訓練,指揮他們演習“八陣圖”。有了嚴密的組織與秩序,威寧伯王越的墳墓建造工程進展得非常順利,按時並保質保量地完成了。那可以說是王陽明交上來的第一份職場答卷,滿分!

王越家人對他感激不盡,拿了大量金銀布帛來酬謝,王陽明婉言謝絕了。為表心意,王越家人最後又把王越生前佩帶過的一把劍拿來欲送給王陽明。這真應了之前王陽明的那個夢境了。這一次,王陽明欣然接受。

王越的墳墓建造工程順利竣工了,王陽明回到京城。彼時的大明王朝西北邊陲,韃靼還不時來侵擾,那讓當朝皇帝明孝宗深為憂慮。說來也巧,就在那節骨眼兒上,一顆彗星掃過京師上空。彗星掃過,非災即難,所以彗星在民間常被稱為“掃把星”,彗星出現則被視為不祥之兆。那顆彗星越發攪得朝廷上下人心惶惶。這樣內憂外患的危急之時,王陽明也坐不住了,他向皇上呈上一篇《陳言邊務疏》(《王文成公全書》卷九),在上書中勇敢地直言時弊:

臣愚以為今之大患,在於為大臣者外托慎重老成之名,而內為固祿希寵之計,為左右者內挾交蟠蔽壅之資,而外肆招權納賄之惡。習以成俗,互相為奸。憂世者謂之迂狂,進言者目以浮躁,沮抑正大剛直之氣,而養成怯懦因循之風。故其衰耗頹塌,將至於不可支持而不自覺。

今幸上天仁愛,適有邊陲之患,是憂慮警省,易轅改轍之機也。此在陛下,必宜自有所以痛革弊源、懲艾而振作之者矣。

新進小臣,何敢僭聞其事,以幹出位之誅?至於軍情之利害,事機之得失,苟有所見,是固芻蕘之所可進,卒伍之所得言者也,臣亦何為而不可之有?雖其所陳,未必盡合時論,然私心竊以為必宜如此,則又不可以苟避乖剌而遂已於言也。