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武功
六師屢出，開疆拓土
明成祖朱棣出生於元順帝至正二十年(公元1360年)，正是元末群雄並起、互相征伐的戰亂時期。出生時，朱元璋與陳友諒正打得不可開交，以至於連給兒子起個名字的工夫都沒有。元順帝至正二十七年(元年1367年)舊曆年底，朱棣七周歲時，朱元璋才為其正式取名為朱棣。
明朝建立時，朱棣已是一個八九歲的兒童。那時，全國仍然四野凋敝，滿目瘡痍。這一切都在朱棣幼小的心靈上留下了深深的印記。朱棣在宮廷中度過了他的青少年時期，除了參加各種朝見和祭儀外，就是跟隨幾個大儒一天到晚誦讀儒家經典，還要隨時接受朱元璋的訓誡。當然，朱元璋也不希望他的兒子們成為文弱書生，就經常讓他們在演武場上練習武備，以健體強誌。
明成祖洪武三年(公元1370年)，朱元璋封朱棣為燕王。十年後，明太祖洪武十三年（公元1380年），朱棣就藩北平，此後直到南京稱帝，他在這裏度過了23年的時光。這段時間對朱棣而言非常重要，他由一個年輕的藩王逐漸成熟起來，逐漸在眾藩王中嶄露頭角，成為眾藩之首。明太祖朱元璋希望自己的兒子能代替那些功臣宿將掌握兵權，以鞏固朱家的天下。於是，朱元璋給了燕王朱棣很大的權利，也讓眾多猛將輔佐燕王。
明太祖洪武二十三年（公元1390年）朱棣接到太祖朱元璋的命令，讓他和晉王分別統帥兵馬合擊蒙元丞相咬住和平章乃兒不花。而立之年的朱棣異常興奮，這是他磨練的大好時機，也是展現自己的一次難得的機會，因此精心準備，誌在必得。
燕王朱棣首先派出幾股哨兵四出偵查，摸清了乃兒不花的確切位置。時值三月，沒想到天不作美，竟然下起了大雪，氣溫也隨之下降。有些人請求燕王朱棣停止行軍，暫避風雪。朱棣卻認為這正是出奇製勝的大好時機，因此大軍冒雪而進。當大軍出現在乃兒不花麵前時，乃兒不花十分驚訝，毫無準備。朱棣派已降明的乃兒不花舊交觀童前去勸降。乃兒不花知道無法抵抗，隻好前往朱棣軍中請降。朱棣擺酒設宴，對他非常熱情，令乃兒不花很感動，遂主動要求前去勸降咬住。就這樣，朱棣第一次大規模出征就兵不血刃地大獲全勝。而另一路的晉王生性怯懦，不敢深入蒙古腹地，結果一無所獲，倒是陪襯出燕王的智勇雙全。
朱元璋對朱棣的戰績非常高興，賞賜寶鈔100萬錠，對他更加信賴。這次勝利，令朱棣不僅得到了朱元璋的嘉獎，朱元璋還命朱棣節製北部邊境兵馬。這次出征，不僅使朱棣的軍事實力大大加強，而且也使他聲名鵲起，成為通往皇權寶座的良好開端。
朱棣的侄子建文帝朱允炆登基後，一反太祖朱元璋分封藩王的政策，而是雷厲風行、銳意削藩。當時的形勢對燕王十分不利。建文帝在削奪五藩後，目標直指燕王朱棣，加強了對燕王的防範。建文帝朱允炆命心腹謝貴任北平都指揮使，掌握軍權；命張丙為北平布政使，掌握日常行政權；隨時就地偵伺這位王爺的動靜。同時，朱棣的大舅子徐輝祖（功臣徐達之子）常常把從妹妹那裏打聽來的燕王信息密稟於建文帝，由此大見信用，被加封為太子太傅，與李景隆一起統管軍隊，隨時準備發動圖燕之舉。