在吃蘋果之前，亞當和夏娃是不知道自己是赤身裸體的，吃了蘋果之後，他們就感到難為情了，於是用樹葉把身子遮了起來。上帝對他們惱怒了，他說：“離開伊甸園。你們不能再在這裏居住了。”離開伊甸園之後，亞當和夏娃在外邊寒冷艱難的世界裏，第一次嚐到了痛苦和艱苦勞動的滋味。
[1]extinct adj.滅絕的；已滅；過世的
[2]migrate adj.遷移；轉移；移民；遷徙；移居；遷飛
[3]species n.種類；樹種類；茶劑
[4]更新世，是地質時代第四紀早期，相當於地球曆史上的舊石器時代
[5]primitive adj.原始的，早期的
[6]excavation n.挖掘；發掘；挖方；采掘
[7]cranial adj.頭蓋的，頭蓋形的
[8]eternal adj.永恒的，永久的
[9]mad adj.瘋了的，發瘋的，神經錯亂的
[10]naked adj.裸露的
[11]ashamed adj.慚愧的，羞恥的，害臊的
2.Make Fire for Civilization—Homo Sapiens 取火點燃文明——智人
What is Homo Sapiens 何為智人
Humans（known taxonomically as Homo sapiens,Latin for“wise man”or“knowing man”）are the only living species in the Homo genus of bipedal primates in Hominidae.They have a highly developed brain,capable of abstract reasoning,language,introspection,and problem solving.This capability combined with an erect body carriage that frees the hands for manipulating objects,has allowed humans to make far greater use of tools than any other living species on Earth.
Like higher primates,humans are social animals.Humans are uniquely adept at utilizing systems of communication for self-expression,the exchange of ideas,and organization.Humans create complex social structures composed of many cooperating and competing groups,from families to nations.Social interactions between humans have established an extremely wide variety of values,social norms,and rituals,which together form the basis of human society.
Humans are noted for their desire to understand and influence their environment,seeking to explain and manipulate phenomena through science,philosophy,mythology,and religion.This natural curiosity has led to the development of advanced tools and skills,which are passed down culturally.
人類（分類學上稱為智人，為“智者”或“明知男子”的拉丁語）是類人猿家族中的唯一以兩足行走的靈長類生物物種。他們擁有高度發達的大腦，並且具有思維能力、語言能力、反思能力和解決問題的能力，這些能力結合手可以控製肢體活動，使得人類比在地球上的其他物種，可以更大限度地使用工具。
與大多數最高級靈長類動物一樣，人類是群居動物，是唯一擅長自我表達、交流思想並創立語言交流係統的物種。他們創造出了複雜的社會結構，從家庭到國家，有合作、有競爭。這些早期人類相互活動中所建立的價值觀念、社會規範、禮儀共同構成了人類社會的基礎。
通過科學、哲學、神話和宗教，人類表現出認識和改造自然的渴望，這種天生的好奇心，使得先進的工具得以應用、技術得以發展、文化獲得傳承。
The Development of Homo Sapiens 智人的發展
Anatomically[1]modern humans evolved from archaic Homo sapiens in Africa in the Middle Paleolithic,about 200，000 years ago.By the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic period（50，000 before present），full behavioral modernity,including language,music and other cultural universals had developed.
Evidence from archaeogenetics accumulating since the 1990s has lent strong support to the“out-of-Africa”scenario,and has marginalized the competing multiregional hypothesis,which proposed that modern humans evolved,at least in part,from independent hominid populations.
Geneticists Lynn Jorde and Henry Harpending of the University of Utah propose that the variation in human DNA is minute compared to that of other species.They also propose that during the Late Pleistocene,the human population was reduced to a small number of breeding pairs-no more than 10，000，and possibly as few as 1，000-resulting in a very small residual gene pool.
解剖學上的現代人類進化，大約是從20萬年前中石器時代的非洲智人開始的。大約在舊石器時代早期（距今約5萬年），智人完整的行為，包括語言、音樂和其他文化的共性都已經有所發展。
自20世紀90年代以來，人類基因學積累的證據給予了“向非洲外遷移”學說大力的支持，並且使多區域競爭的假設邊緣化。多區域競爭的假設認為：現代人類的進化，至少在區域層麵，是從各獨立原始人群中進化的。
來自於猶他州大學的遺傳學家琳·卓德和亨利·哈彭丁認為，人類DNA中變異的周期與其他物種相比，其實很短。他們還認為，在晚更新世期間（晚更新世也稱上更新世，距今約13萬年至1萬年），人口基因減少到一個非常小的規模——不超過10，000，可能接近1，000，這是一個非常小的殘餘基因庫。
[1]Anatomically ad.解剖學上，結構上
3.Parents Take Turns to do Head of the Household—Matrilineal Society and Patrilineal Society 父母輪流當戶主——母係氏族和父係氏族
Matrilineality 母係氏族
In the early stages of Clan society,women has enjoyed high status in society,to grasp the leadership of the clan.Lineage inherited by women,children and grandchildren taken ownership the mother.Yangshao is generally believed that is China\\u0027s stage of matriarchal society.Yi Luo Kuishi American Indians is a typical matriarchal clan community.After Clan member\\u0027s death,the property owned by the same people all the clan.The same clan has obligated for mutual assistance,protection and revenge.In the period,people“only know his mother,do not know his father.”
Matriarchal society exists attribute to human beings for their own physiological phenomenon was not enough understanding and gender relations and reproduction is not to be linked,only know that their children and mothers have associated with blood,they don\\u0027t know his father\\u0027s presence,and his father do not know blood related.With the development of medicine,they found human gender relations and the inevitable link through children,and they thought male easier access to physical production and living conditions,to take on family responsibilities,men will gradually assume the responsibility of masters,matriarchal society gradually disappeared.
在氏族社會的早期階段，女性在社會中享有很高的地位。她們掌握氏族的領導權，世係按女性繼承，子孫歸屬母親。一般認為中國的仰韶文化和美洲印第安人的易洛魁氏族就屬於典型的母係氏族社會。母係氏族成員死後，其財產歸同氏族的人所有。同氏族的人有互相援助、保護和共同複仇的義務。此時期，人們“隻知其母，不知其父”。
母係氏族之所以存在是因為當時人類對於自身生理現象還沒有足夠的了解，沒有把兩性關係與繁衍後代聯係起來，隻知道子女與母親有血緣關聯，而不知道父親的作用，更不知道與父親之間的血緣關聯。隨著醫學的發展，當人類發現兩性關係與生兒育女之間的必然聯係時，他們認為男性生理條件更容易獲得生產生活資料，承擔家族責任，所以男性也就逐漸擔負起當家做主的責任，母係氏族社會就此消亡了。
Patrilineality 父係氏族
As the further development of agriculture and handicrafts,men\\u0027s position and influence in production growing,it occurring social center\\u0027s improvement,therefore,matriarchal clan society and patriarchal society is a necessary requirement for the development of social productive forces.Patrilineal society is a new social and cultural system,but also one of the most profound changes in history.This change adapts to the development of the productive forces.
In patrilineal societies,men hold higher property and social status than women.Family and marriage relations transfer from by matriarchal society“the wife home”to“patrilocal residence，”children naturally are the member of matriarchal society no longer a member of a parent clan members,to become the successor to his father property.With the development of social productivity and the Leave of the fruits of labor,some people can share the fruits of labor of others,and use the labor share of the wealth servitude to others,so the phenomenon of wealth,private property began to grow.Changes in the disparity created the basis of class,the late clan society began to collapse,class society began to appear.