4、3抑製致病因子的分泌
金黃色葡萄球菌致病性與其分泌相關的酶和毒素密切相關。最近研究表明,黃酮類化合物能夠抑製這些致病因子的分泌。Shah等[59]通過檢測處理過的金黃色葡萄球菌上清液對血漿的凝固能力及對紅細胞的溶解能力,發現表兒茶素沒食子酸酯能夠抑製細菌凝固酶和毒素的分泌。Qiu等[60-61]研究表明,甘草查爾酮A也能抑製金黃色葡萄球菌α-毒素的分泌,並能減少腸毒素的分泌。通過實時PCR檢測發現,在抑製細菌毒素分泌的同時伴隨著agrA基因轉錄水平的下降。這說明甘草查爾酮A抑製金黃色葡萄球菌α-毒素的分泌至少部分是通過抑製agrA雙組分係統來實現的。
5結論
自2005年以來,黃酮類化合物抗菌活性的研究取得了很大進展,使得有必要對前人的研究成果及時地進行梳理和總結,以便更好地指導今後的研究工作。本文簡單介紹了黃酮類化合物的直接抑菌活性、協同抑菌活性及其對細菌毒性的影響。在今後的黃酮類化合物研究中,在測定黃酮類化合物抑菌活性基礎上,確定其活性是否具有選擇性,探明其構效關係,分析其可能的作用機製是值得努力的方向。隨著細菌耐藥性的日益嚴重,研究新抗菌藥的任務也越來越迫切,黃酮類化合物抑菌活性的研究將對今後抑菌新藥物的研製提供了一個重要方向。
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