[25] Miller Patrick, Nonverbal Communication [M]. Washington: National Education Association. 1984.

[26] Neaman, J. S., et al Kindwords: A Thesaurus of Euphemisms [M]. New York: Facts On File Inc. 1990.

[27] Olshtain, E. & Cohen, A. Apology: A Speech Act Set [A]. In N. Wolfson & E. Judd (eds). Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition [C]. MA: Newbury House. 1983.

[28] Olshtain, E. , Apologies across Languages[A]. In Blum-Kulka et al. (eds.) Cross-Cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies [C]. New Jersay: Ablex Publishing Corporation. 1989.

[29] Olshtain, E. & Cohen, A. D. , Teaching Speech Act Behaviour to Nonnative Speakers [A]. In M. Celce Murcia (eds). An Introduction to Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language [C]. Cambridge, MA: Newbury House. 1991.

[30] Oatey, H. , The Customs and Language of Social Interaction in English [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press. 1987.

[31] Owen Marion, Apologies and Remedial Interchanges [M]. Mouton Publishers. 1980.

[32] Pomerantz Antia, Compliment Responses:Notes on the Co-operation of Multiple Constrains [A]. In the J. Schenkein (eds). Studies in the Organization of Conversational Interaction [C]. New York: Academic. 1978.

[33] Ron Scollon & Suzanne Wong Scollon, Intercultural Communication: A Discourse Approach [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & London: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. 2000.

[34] Samovar, L. A. and Porter, R. E. , Intercultural Communication: A Reader [M]. Wadsaorth Publishing Company. 1989.

[35] Samovar, L. A. and Richard E. Porter, Communication Between Cultures [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press. 2000.

[36] Searle J. R. , Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1969.

[37] Searle,J. R. , A Classification of Illocutionary Acts [J]. Language in Society. 1976,(5):1-23.

[38] Searle, J. R. , Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts [M]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press & Cambridge University Press. 2001.

[39] Stephanie Faul, The Xenophobe’s Guide to the American [M]. Beijing: foreign Language Press. 2002.

[40] Trosborg Anna, Apology strategies in natives/non-natives [A]. In the Roy Freedle(eds). Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests & Apologies [C]. Alex Pub. 1987.

[41] Wierzbicka Anna, Different Cultures, Different Languages, Different Speech Acts [J]. Journal of Pragmatics. 1985.

[42] Wolfson, N. , Compliments in Cross- cultural Perspective [J]. TESOL Quarterly. 1981:35-39.

[43] Yimam, B. , The Pragmatics of Greeting, Felicitation and Condolence Expressions in Four Ethiopian Languages [J]. African Language and Cultures. 1997, 10, 2:103-128.

[44] Zegarac et.al. Phatic Interpretations and Phatic Communication[J]. Journal of Linguistics,1999,35(2):328.