複方黃連膠囊對早期糖尿病腎病大鼠腎組織TGF—β1/BMP—7表達失衡及其Smad信號通路的調控作用
藥理
作者:劉聖等
[摘要] 目的:研究複方黃連膠囊(CRCC)對糖尿病腎病(DN)大鼠腎組織TGF-β1/BMP-7表達失衡及其Smad信號通路的調控作用,探討CRCC對DN大鼠早期腎損傷的作用及其可能機製。方法:以鏈脲佐菌素(STZ)複製早期DN大鼠模型,動物分為正常組、模型組、消渴丸組(0.8 g·kg-1)、依那普利組(1 mg·kg-1)與CRCC 低、中、高劑量組(生藥含量分別為1.09,2.18,4.36 g·kg-1),灌胃給藥,每天1次,5周後生化指標檢測空腹血糖(FBG)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、胰島素(Ins)、24 h尿蛋白(24 h Upro)及24 h 尿微量白蛋白(24 h UmAlb);光鏡觀察腎組織形態學的改變;免疫組化法檢測腎組織TGF-β1,BMP-7,Smad2/3,Smad1/5及Smad7蛋白表達;逆轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(RT-PCR)檢測腎組織TGF-β1和BMP-7 mRNA表達。結果:與模型組比較,各CRCC治療組均不同程度降低了DN大鼠FBG,BUN,Scr,24 h Upro 和24 h UmAlb水平,改善腎組織病理形態學異常,TGF-β1與Smad2/3蛋白表達減少,BMP-7,Smad1/5與Smad7蛋白表達增加,TGF-β1 mRNA表達減少,但BMP-7 mRNA表達未增加。結論:CRCC可改善早期DN大鼠腎功能病變,延緩DN慢性病理進展,其機製可能與通過Smad信號通路調控DN腎組織TGF-β1/BMP-7表達失衡有關。
[關鍵詞] 複方黃連膠囊;糖尿病腎病;TGF-β1;BMP-7;Smad信號通路
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the effect of compound Coptidis Rhizoma capsule(CCRC) on unbalanced expression of renal tissue TGF-β1/BMP-7 and Smad signaling pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy(DN),and discuss CCRC′s effect on DN rats with early diabetic nephropathy and its possible mechanism. Method: DN model rats were established by injecting streptozotocin(STZ). The rats were randomly divided into seven groups: the normal group, the model group, the enalapril treatment group, the xiaoke pill treatment group and three CRCC treatment groups. They were orally administered once a day for five weeks. The fasting blood glucose(FBG),blood urea nitrogen (BUN),serum creatinine (Scr), insulin(Ins), 24 h urinary protein (24 h Upro) and 24 h urinary microalbumin (24 h UmAlb) were tested. The pathological changes in renal tissues were examined by optical microscopy. Immunohistochemical measures were used to detect the expressions of TGF-β1,BMP-7,Smad2/3,Smad1/5,and Smad7 protein,and RT-PCR was used to detect TGF-β1 mRNA and BMP-7 mRNA in renal tissues. Result: Compared with model group, BUN, Scr, Ins, 24 h Upro and 24 h UmAlb levels decreased at different degrees in CCRC treatment groups; the abnormal pathomorphology in renal tissue was improved; immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were reduced, while the expression of BMP-7,Smad1/5 and Smad7 increased in CRCC treatment groups; the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA were reduced, but the expression of BMP-7 mRNA had no obvious change in CRCC treatment groups. Conclusion: CRCC can improve the early renal function, delay the progression of chronic renal pathology and maintain the dynamic balance of TGF-β1/BMP-7 expression in renal tissues of DN rats. The mechanism may be related to down-regulation of renal TGF-β1 and up-regulation of BMP-7 through Smad signaling pathway.
[Key words] CRCC; diabetic nephropathy; TGF-β1; BMP-7; Smad signaling pathway
糖尿病腎病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病最常見而且嚴重的微血管並發症,早期腎病理表現為腎小球係膜細胞增生、基底膜增厚、腎小管上皮細胞轉分化(epithelial-myofibroblast transition,EMT)、足細胞損傷、細胞外基質(extracellular matrixc,ECM)進行性積聚,終期將導致腎小球硬化、腎小管萎縮和間質纖維化。轉化生長因子β1(transforming growth factor-beta1,TGF-β1)是DN腎病變的關鍵性致病因子,具有促進腎小球肥大,刺激係膜區ECM積聚,導致腎小球硬化和腎間質纖維化作用[1-3]。骨形態發生蛋白-7(bone morphogenetic protein-7,BMP-7)是TGF-β超家族成員之一,具有維持腎功能和組織結構作用,是一個重要的腎髒保護細胞因子[4]。BMP-7能通過抑製EMT過程,抑製腎小管上皮細胞Ⅰ-型膠原(type Ⅰ collagen,Ⅰ-Co)、α-平滑肌肌動蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、E-鈣粘素(E-cadherin)、纖維粘連蛋白(fibronectin,FN)和結締組織生長因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)的表達,並逆轉TGF-β1誘導的EMT,EMT的逆轉使腎小管的動態平衡恢複和腎功能改善[5]。DN患者以腎小球BMP-7表達降低和足細胞數量及分化減少為特征,並伴隨CTGF過分表達和TGF-β1表達增強,BMP-7能逆轉糖尿病腎病造成的腎髒肥大,改善腎小球濾過率,減少足細胞的丟失[6]。因此,維持腎組織TGF-β1與BMP-7動態平衡,可能成為延緩DN進展新的策略。複方黃連膠囊(compound Coptidis Rhizoma capsule,CCRC,皖藥製字Z20110001)前期研究,可以降低鏈脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)誘導DN大鼠空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)和24 h尿蛋白(24 h urinary protein,24 h Upro)水平,降低腎組織TGF-β1和Ⅳ-型膠原(type Ⅳ collagen,Ⅳ-Co)蛋白表達,改善腎組織病理改變和超微結構病變[7-8]。本次實驗進一步觀察CCRC對STZ誘導DN大鼠腎組織TGF-β1及其信號傳導蛋白Smad2/3、抑製性蛋白Smad7和BMP-7及其信號傳導蛋白Smad1/5表達的影響,以及其對TGF-β1/BMP-7 mRNA表達的影響,探討CRCC對DN大鼠腎組織TGF-β1/BMP-7表達失衡及其通過Smad信號通路的調控作用。
1 材料
1.1 動物 SD雄性大鼠,體重200~250 g,由安徽醫科大學實驗動物中心提供,動物使用合格證號SCXK(皖)2005-001。
1.2 藥品與試劑 CCRC(相當於生藥7 g·g-1,含鹽酸小檗堿11.34%,安徽省立醫院,批號20090612) 處方由黃連Coptis chinensis Franch、葛根 Pueraria lobata (Willd.)Ohwi.、麥冬 Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f .) Ker Gawl.、枇杷葉 Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.組成;消渴丸(廣州中一藥業有限公司,批號P01010),用前研磨,以0.5%羧甲基纖維鈉(CMC-Na)配製成混懸液;依那普利(濟南利民製藥有限公司,批號1001121),用前研磨,以0.5%CMC-Na配製成混懸液;CMC-Na(湖南爾康製藥有限公司,批號20090701);枸櫞酸和枸櫞酸鈉(台山市新寧製藥有限公司,批號分別為20080601與20091203);STZ(Sigma公司,批號S-0130);葡萄糖、尿素氮測定試劑盒(日本和光純藥工業株式會社,批號分別為EH578,EG963);肌酐、尿蛋白液體試劑盒[德賽診斷係統(上海)有限公司,批號分別為60971014/1,60065769];尿微量白蛋白液體試劑盒(濰坊三維生物工程集團有限公司,批號110201);胰島素放射免疫分析藥盒(天津市協和醫藥科技有限公司,批號201011);兔抗大鼠BMP-7(批號BS-2242R),TGF-β1(批號BS-0103R),Smad2/3(批號BS-0718R),Smad1/5(批號BS-0538R)及 Smad7(批號BS-0566R)單克隆抗體(北京博奧森生物技術有限公司);通用型SP 免疫組化染色試劑盒(北京中杉金橋生物技術有限公司,批號HK3400805);Trizol(美國Invitrogen公司,批號51512101);逆轉錄聚合酶鏈反應(reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)試劑盒(美國MBI Fermentas公司,批號00066575);引物合成(上海生工生物工程技術服務有限公司)。