正文 複方黃連膠囊對早期糖尿病腎病大鼠腎組織TGF—β1_BMP—7表達失衡及其Smad信號通路的調控作用(3 / 3)

TGF-β1被認為是最重要的促纖維化因子,在腎小球硬化和腎間質纖維化中扮演著極為重要的角色,其最重要的生物學作用為增加ECM合成、積聚,導致腎小球硬化,腎功能衰竭。Smad是目前所知唯一的TGF-β受體胞內激酶底物,介導TGF-β的胞內信號傳導,一般認為TGF-β首先與第Ⅱ類受體(TβR-Ⅱ)結合,再將分子轉移給第Ⅰ類受體(TβR-Ⅰ),進一步激活TβR-Ⅱ,經Smad蛋白傳導至核內,調節基因的轉錄,激活的TGF-β1通過跨膜的TβR-Ⅱ和TβR-Ⅰ絲氨酸/蘇氨酸激酶受體,激活其下遊的Smad 2/3,使其磷酸化與Smad 4形成複合物向核內傳遞信號[14-15]。TGF-β活化TβR-Ⅰ同時也激活抑製性蛋白Smad7,Smad7通過與Smad2/3競爭性結合TβR-Ⅰ,抑製其磷酸化並幹預核內功能性Smad-DNA的形成,從而阻斷了TGF-β1信號通路[16]。BMP-7是重要的抗腎間質纖維化因子,可通過影響TGF-β1/Smad通路的信號傳導、與TGF-β1存在互逆作用等多種途徑發揮抗腎纖維化作用。BMP-7通過以下途徑影響TGF-β1/Smad信號傳導:BMP-7與其Ⅱ型受體(BMPR-Ⅱ)結合後再與Ⅰ型受體(ALK-2,ALK-3,ALK-6)結合,而使Ⅰ型受體發生磷酸化,Ⅰ型受體被磷酸化後,作用於Smad1或Smad5羧基端末的2個絲氨酸,使之磷酸化,隨後Smad1或Smad5再與Smad4 結合成複合體,移位到細胞核內,再作用於特定基因的啟動子,引起相應生物學效應[17-18]。實驗中,模型組大鼠腎TGF-β1蛋白及mRNA表達較正常組明顯增加,BMP-7蛋白及mRNA表達較正常組明顯減少,表明DN大鼠TGF-β1/BMP-7表達失衡。CRCC治療後,DN大鼠腎TGF-β1及mRNA與Smad2/3蛋白表達減少,Smad7蛋白表達增加,表明CRCC可能通過下調Smad2/3蛋白表達,上調Smad7蛋白表達來減少TGF-β1表達;雖然未能證明DN大鼠BMP-7 mRNA表達增加,但DN大鼠BMP-7及Smad1/5蛋白表達增加,表明CRCC可能通過上調Smad1/5蛋白表達來增加DN大鼠BMP-7蛋白表達。提示CCRC可改善早期DN大鼠腎功能病變,延緩DN慢性病理進展,其機製可能通過Smad信號通路調控DN大鼠腎組織TGF-β1/BMP-7表達失衡。

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[責任編輯 張寧寧]