已知GK大鼠是一種沒有肥胖、高血脂的2型糖尿病大鼠模型,也沒有嚴重的高血壓,因此可以用來檢測繼發性損傷因素介導糖尿病並發症的病理相關性。一些獨立於高血糖的因素,如高血壓、腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮係統(RAS)、糖基化終末化產物(AGEs)、貧血、氧化應激、細胞因子可能也參與了糖尿病並發症的發展。長期、慢性給予NOS抑製劑L-NAME可以抑製血管內皮NO合成,損傷血管內皮功能,為研究T2DM 及其大血管病變的較好的動物模型[12],本實驗給GK大鼠NOS抑製劑加飼喂高脂飲食,成功複製出了DM早期大血管病變的動物模型。牛蒡子苷元在本研究模型中沒有表現出明顯的降糖活性,但其對白細胞、血小板參數及血壓有很好的調節作用,對血管內皮VEGF表達具有顯著的抑製作用,可以明顯改善GK大鼠主動脈病變,為臨床糖尿病患者預防高血壓繼發病變提供更好的選擇,為臨床糖尿病合並高血壓患者預防心腦血管事件提供新的治療方向。對於牛蒡子苷元治療糖尿病其他並發症的療效有待於進一步探索,其抗炎、降壓機製及對血液流變學的影響有待於進一步研究。
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[責任編輯 張燕]